diff --git a/ee/spec/graphql/ee/mutations/ci/ci_cd_settings_update_spec.rb b/ee/spec/graphql/ee/mutations/ci/ci_cd_settings_update_spec.rb
index d0aade37bec6f8ac4a7f45222477973b283382ae..5e99bf851b121fc184eeb913992c2d4765148cd8 100644
--- a/ee/spec/graphql/ee/mutations/ci/ci_cd_settings_update_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/graphql/ee/mutations/ci/ci_cd_settings_update_spec.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
   let_it_be(:project) { create(:project) }
 
-  let(:user) { project.owner }
+  let(:user) { project.first_owner }
   let(:mutation) { described_class.new(object: nil, context: { current_user: user }, field: nil) }
 
   subject { mutation.resolve(full_path: project.full_path, **mutation_params) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/graphql/mutations/projects/set_compliance_framework_spec.rb b/ee/spec/graphql/mutations/projects/set_compliance_framework_spec.rb
index 83a06a870a64984b81bd711dd99af4cc5e92c9c2..b52a4a4f9d16ac63a20b8551999a33e459161377 100644
--- a/ee/spec/graphql/mutations/projects/set_compliance_framework_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/graphql/mutations/projects/set_compliance_framework_spec.rb
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
       end
 
       context 'current_user is a project owner' do
-        let(:current_user) { project.owner }
+        let(:current_user) { project.first_owner }
 
         it_behaves_like "the user can change a project's compliance framework"
       end
diff --git a/ee/spec/graphql/resolvers/network_policy_resolver_spec.rb b/ee/spec/graphql/resolvers/network_policy_resolver_spec.rb
index 589a827477189cf7448e451466bceb0625b8d83a..e30024ee74567bd716bebaeea9a35d33c634a2e0 100644
--- a/ee/spec/graphql/resolvers/network_policy_resolver_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/graphql/resolvers/network_policy_resolver_spec.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
   let_it_be(:project) { create(:project) }
 
-  let(:user) { project.owner }
+  let(:user) { project.first_owner }
   let(:time_now) { Time.utc(2021, 6, 16) }
 
   let(:policy) do
diff --git a/ee/spec/graphql/resolvers/path_locks_resolver_spec.rb b/ee/spec/graphql/resolvers/path_locks_resolver_spec.rb
index 9950072258c1986c19a811571ab224798acbb56f..9b59fcff889d2a1d0aeb5a0d15d4b210958701b6 100644
--- a/ee/spec/graphql/resolvers/path_locks_resolver_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/graphql/resolvers/path_locks_resolver_spec.rb
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
   let_it_be(:project) { create(:project) }
   let_it_be(:path_lock) { create(:path_lock, path: 'README.md', project: project) }
 
-  let(:user) { project.owner }
+  let(:user) { project.first_owner }
 
   describe '#resolve' do
     subject(:resolve_path_locks) { resolve(described_class, obj: project, lookahead: positive_lookahead, ctx: { current_user: user }) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/graphql/resolvers/security_report_summary_resolver_spec.rb b/ee/spec/graphql/resolvers/security_report_summary_resolver_spec.rb
index 0f43b7e9c3a3398b6bf0e3f04e8fcfe5d1097292..5fa1db825b7557456f92919a4ea273a8ef19631d 100644
--- a/ee/spec/graphql/resolvers/security_report_summary_resolver_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/graphql/resolvers/security_report_summary_resolver_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   include GraphqlHelpers
 
   let_it_be(:pipeline) { create(:ci_pipeline) }
-  let_it_be(:user) { pipeline.project.owner }
+  let_it_be(:user) { pipeline.project.first_owner }
 
   describe '#resolve' do
     before do
diff --git a/ee/spec/helpers/projects/security/policies_helper_spec.rb b/ee/spec/helpers/projects/security/policies_helper_spec.rb
index 6fda2c5bc039c01259410cdccadec9ad92fc6797..645f7d2cdec90af0a31ad9d2a12769a57b2c71a3 100644
--- a/ee/spec/helpers/projects/security/policies_helper_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/helpers/projects/security/policies_helper_spec.rb
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
   end
 
   describe '#orchestration_policy_data' do
-    let(:owner) { project.owner }
+    let(:owner) { project.first_owner }
     let(:base_data) do
       {
         assigned_policy_project: "null",
diff --git a/ee/spec/helpers/projects_helper_spec.rb b/ee/spec/helpers/projects_helper_spec.rb
index 61647824daad71b1a97a35d27af4699fd42598cc..e527fd52788d15e432da1ff2af3d59a6da3aba45 100644
--- a/ee/spec/helpers/projects_helper_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/helpers/projects_helper_spec.rb
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
   end
 
   describe '#can_update_security_orchestration_policy_project?' do
-    let(:owner) { project.owner }
+    let(:owner) { project.first_owner }
 
     before do
       allow(helper).to receive(:current_user) { owner }
diff --git a/ee/spec/helpers/push_rules_helper_spec.rb b/ee/spec/helpers/push_rules_helper_spec.rb
index 98cdc5b7be3523b9c9663d591eab61ad0fdb7970..bc2cede0e1378a3825f3159135adb09e4938a1ce 100644
--- a/ee/spec/helpers/push_rules_helper_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/helpers/push_rules_helper_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   let(:global_push_rule) { create(:push_rule_sample) }
   let(:push_rule) { create(:push_rule) }
   let(:admin) { create(:admin) }
-  let(:project_owner) { push_rule.project.owner }
+  let(:project_owner) { push_rule.project.first_owner }
   let(:possible_help_texts) do
     {
       commit_committer_check_base_help: /Users can only push commits to this repository that were committed with one of their own verified emails/,
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/ee/gitlab/git_access_design_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/ee/gitlab/git_access_design_spec.rb
index 4e4327a21eea8f84d04ea298908dc43e00197b3c..089bedcebd27ca64b6a89185e71085288b4872bd 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/ee/gitlab/git_access_design_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/ee/gitlab/git_access_design_spec.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   using RSpec::Parameterized::TableSyntax
 
   let_it_be(:project) { create(:project) }
-  let_it_be(:user) { project.owner }
+  let_it_be(:user) { project.first_owner }
 
   let(:actor) { :geo }
 
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/analytics_menu_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/analytics_menu_spec.rb
index 8b975f1704bf85347046a81ff1abfc0467f217aa..46437dcfd2e533265b910ddfef23fa63adc4f97b 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/analytics_menu_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/analytics_menu_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 RSpec.describe Sidebars::Projects::Menus::AnalyticsMenu do
   let_it_be(:project) { create(:project, :repository) }
 
-  let(:user) { project.owner }
+  let(:user) { project.first_owner }
   let(:context) { Sidebars::Projects::Context.new(current_user: user, container: project, current_ref: project.repository.root_ref) }
 
   subject { described_class.new(context) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/ci_cd_menu_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/ci_cd_menu_spec.rb
index d68de9cd04721865c50ee22dfca9e2ecce13f4b5..90e61fb427843a43b7466c575e4a5535c0aa1ed3 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/ci_cd_menu_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/ci_cd_menu_spec.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 RSpec.describe Sidebars::Projects::Menus::CiCdMenu do
   let(:project) { build(:project) }
-  let(:user) { project.owner }
+  let(:user) { project.first_owner }
   let(:context) { Sidebars::Projects::Context.new(current_user: user, current_ref: 'main', container: project, can_view_pipeline_editor: true) }
 
   describe 'Test Cases' do
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/issues_menu_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/issues_menu_spec.rb
index fe6979ce67b1815b8cb9367ce8dd0faedca07032..c86bb67f1cf364a5f334383f0de9d5a91de71520 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/issues_menu_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/issues_menu_spec.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 RSpec.describe Sidebars::Projects::Menus::IssuesMenu do
   let(:project) { build(:project) }
-  let(:user) { project.owner }
+  let(:user) { project.first_owner }
   let(:context) { Sidebars::Projects::Context.new(current_user: user, container: project) }
 
   describe '#render?' do
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/monitor_menu_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/monitor_menu_spec.rb
index a38eb7cc808b05e8e8576971d3efa766105a83e2..7c01946fbc62bd1156f7829393f4723ab71d46fd 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/monitor_menu_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/monitor_menu_spec.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 RSpec.describe Sidebars::Projects::Menus::MonitorMenu do
   let(:project) { build(:project) }
-  let(:user) { project.owner }
+  let(:user) { project.first_owner }
   let(:context) { Sidebars::Projects::Context.new(current_user: user, container: project, show_cluster_hint: true) }
 
   describe 'Menu items' do
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/repository_menu_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/repository_menu_spec.rb
index be8ddb6c14ca58ebb48a6f9900acf995fa9a554f..26740d7e7d96afaaee520d0bb97eba6a371242da 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/repository_menu_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/repository_menu_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 RSpec.describe Sidebars::Projects::Menus::RepositoryMenu do
   let_it_be(:project) { create(:project, :repository) }
 
-  let(:user) { project.owner }
+  let(:user) { project.first_owner }
   let(:context) { Sidebars::Projects::Context.new(current_user: user, container: project, current_ref: 'master') }
 
   describe 'File Locks' do
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/security_compliance_menu_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/security_compliance_menu_spec.rb
index 6401ff8562341cecea2d7be25dbe026b0b666426..c2a9eff2ebd1eea38939ef70ed70e85e30b436bb 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/security_compliance_menu_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/security_compliance_menu_spec.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 RSpec.describe Sidebars::Projects::Menus::SecurityComplianceMenu do
   let_it_be(:project) { create(:project) }
 
-  let(:user) { project.owner }
+  let(:user) { project.first_owner }
   let(:show_promotions) { true }
   let(:show_discover_project_security) { true }
   let(:context) { Sidebars::Projects::Context.new(current_user: user, container: project, show_promotions: show_promotions, show_discover_project_security: show_discover_project_security) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/zentao_menu_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/zentao_menu_spec.rb
index 37b9a5347b9502b460d969dcd066bfbe9fe747da..23392d6e4f2ad834b63d68c4b5c4e66673995815 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/zentao_menu_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/ee/sidebars/projects/menus/zentao_menu_spec.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 RSpec.describe Sidebars::Projects::Menus::ZentaoMenu do
   let(:project) { create(:project, has_external_issue_tracker: true) }
-  let(:user) { project.owner }
+  let(:user) { project.first_owner }
   let(:context) { Sidebars::Projects::Context.new(current_user: user, container: project) }
   let(:zentao_integration) { create(:zentao_integration, project: project) }
 
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/analytics/cycle_analytics/stage_events/issue_label_added_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/analytics/cycle_analytics/stage_events/issue_label_added_spec.rb
index 7910d00b4d1e5b8993a9dbdb8557544a465564e2..0eb44871e83257a683076f7c12db8f84d45f276a 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/analytics/cycle_analytics/stage_events/issue_label_added_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/analytics/cycle_analytics/stage_events/issue_label_added_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
     let_it_be(:record_with_data) { create(:issue, project: project) }
     let_it_be(:record_without_data) { create(:issue) }
     let_it_be(:label) { create(:label, project: project) }
-    let_it_be(:user) { project.owner }
+    let_it_be(:user) { project.first_owner }
 
     let(:params) { { label: label } }
 
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/analytics/cycle_analytics/stage_events/issue_label_removed_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/analytics/cycle_analytics/stage_events/issue_label_removed_spec.rb
index a858be65b82e15e07fc1c0522213198720042f82..d1586161767aa22a8ff11818de0a4e2b4aeb04bc 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/analytics/cycle_analytics/stage_events/issue_label_removed_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/analytics/cycle_analytics/stage_events/issue_label_removed_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
     let_it_be(:label) { create(:label, project: project) }
     let_it_be(:record_with_data) { create(:labeled_issue, project: project, labels: [label]) }
     let_it_be(:record_without_data) { create(:issue) }
-    let_it_be(:user) { project.owner }
+    let_it_be(:user) { project.first_owner }
 
     let(:params) { { label: label } }
 
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/analytics/cycle_analytics/stage_events/merge_request_label_added_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/analytics/cycle_analytics/stage_events/merge_request_label_added_spec.rb
index 52c0c7c60a9eb6c4185ff75c3db27bfc46410c74..5937c3c6ea0ee7b9242523a58891715e92b76b9e 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/analytics/cycle_analytics/stage_events/merge_request_label_added_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/analytics/cycle_analytics/stage_events/merge_request_label_added_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
     let_it_be(:record_with_data) { create(:merge_request, :unique_branches, source_project: project) }
     let_it_be(:record_without_data) { create(:merge_request) }
     let_it_be(:label) { create(:label, project: project) }
-    let_it_be(:user) { project.owner }
+    let_it_be(:user) { project.first_owner }
 
     let(:params) { { label: label } }
 
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/analytics/cycle_analytics/stage_events/merge_request_label_removed_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/analytics/cycle_analytics/stage_events/merge_request_label_removed_spec.rb
index ba303757fdfce37e72506f4de1c41c8b199d534d..66a9e2dc4b09fa7dada9a33edfc05161cdd10481 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/analytics/cycle_analytics/stage_events/merge_request_label_removed_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/analytics/cycle_analytics/stage_events/merge_request_label_removed_spec.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
     let_it_be(:label) { create(:label, project: project) }
     let_it_be(:record_with_data) { create(:labeled_merge_request, :unique_branches, source_project: project, labels: [label]) }
     let_it_be(:record_without_data) { create(:merge_request) }
-    let_it_be(:user) { project.owner }
+    let_it_be(:user) { project.first_owner }
 
     let(:params) { { label: label } }
 
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/browser_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/browser_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index 0fe28f43982b3594513b9aff934d3b24da4bd76a..6ebe17886b2d8e81dff0095206ac166d3afb625a 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/browser_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/browser_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
     end
 
     let(:project) { project_with_ci_kubernetes_active }
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_ref) { default_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_ref) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/dast_default_branch_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/dast_default_branch_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index e9ae020986fc6d3bf4fa7c978c674439e875319e..86551cabae485a929a949bc77d0f66ef38c200a9 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/dast_default_branch_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/dast_default_branch_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     end
 
     let(:project) { project_with_ci_kubernetes_active }
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_ref) { default_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_ref) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/load_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/load_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index dcda8a4c4cb2baeb788b5761d87f1614e273cd4d..3fcaeb9430951563919c828bfc3e9288f8eadf07 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/load_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Jobs/load_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
       ])
     end
 
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_ref) { default_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_ref) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Verify/browser_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Verify/browser_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index 647e125b108c2a9035a76a7e6160005f410df98f..6b3faf874dfc68d46a759785e6cfd82c9b53b667 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Verify/browser_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Verify/browser_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
   describe 'the created pipeline', :clean_gitlab_redis_cache do
     let_it_be(:project) { create(:project, :repository) }
 
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_ref) { default_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_ref) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Verify/load_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Verify/load_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index d648dc730da8ef9f7a7a0ffc8b6d79469bc3b73c..edec85c2bc62249e023e60d4e4e8903b969ce8c6 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Verify/load_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Verify/load_performance_testing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
   describe 'the created pipeline', :clean_gitlab_redis_cache do
     let_it_be(:project) { create(:project, :repository) }
 
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_ref) { default_branch }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_ref) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/api_fuzzing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/api_fuzzing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index 551787d08deb08a7dbacbc29dd645e1dfca4e6b9..57574a3636c099afbda4971506c1648d6ed8dccc 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/api_fuzzing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/api_fuzzing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_branch) { default_branch }
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch) }
     let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/api_fuzzing_latest_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/api_fuzzing_latest_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index 9eebae276dd89957d7ce0122e7710be97f88559f..048a81c202b0777db508dc1e6170fa0ad08ea0d9 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/api_fuzzing_latest_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/api_fuzzing_latest_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:pipeline_branch) { default_branch }
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch) }
     let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/cluster_image_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/cluster_image_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index 8e53fab2a5e2f2a091e78d5db3d830ef1dad1afe..f4a7366c956bf6ae0ddc619dccca9661f1b643cd 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/cluster_image_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/cluster_image_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     let_it_be_with_refind(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: { 'README.txt' => '' }) }
 
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'master' ) }
     let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/container_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/container_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index d3560be268f307fab3d26d31e32ed1729b3b7967..53a4b96b65cc6a53aaa8cf221d655ef83e49677d 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/container_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/container_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     let_it_be_with_refind(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: { 'README.txt' => '' }) }
 
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'master') }
     let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/coverage_fuzzing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/coverage_fuzzing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index 37668c9e851b720aa23f107b7eea9477f04c7133..c76bfed6796f89daa859943e8c678776e69c9c89 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/coverage_fuzzing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/coverage_fuzzing_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     let_it_be(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: { 'README.txt' => '' }) }
 
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'master' ) }
     let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push) }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_api_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_api_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index 15f4cb67a4e78990438a11e30185f8cf9c67fc05..6791352cd3c100c9bd5e324824aed56eb3241d9e 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_api_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_api_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     let(:pipeline_branch) { default_branch }
     let_it_be(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: { 'README.txt' => '' }) }
 
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
     let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_api_latest_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_api_latest_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index c6426a0bf2592492b83355dbb9f17587187a0872..43c5ed5e4837fd65017703ce48b46c88e6635584 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_api_latest_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_api_latest_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     let(:pipeline_branch) { default_branch }
     let_it_be(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: { 'README.txt' => '' }) }
 
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
     let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index cb73504aa65b484e766bbf272cea3277b14da611..029503695e7416f1c98c5878e99b461ddf0640a0 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     let(:default_branch) { project.default_branch_or_main }
     let(:pipeline_branch) { default_branch }
     let(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: { 'README.txt' => '' }) }
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
     let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_latest_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_latest_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index 57151d1682e258f0b347e9530cc43b93e3907683..9c462b3bab129558e073fcfa4c64805ce7f89978 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_latest_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_latest_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
     let(:default_branch) { project.default_branch_or_main }
     let(:pipeline_branch) { default_branch }
     let(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: { 'README.txt' => '' }) }
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
     let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_runner_validation_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_runner_validation_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index d442f8f8d096ebe6076337ab22b57dcd2f0569ce..6b21e54ff38b3d88bfe6d7ef61cd6be23b1b1e65 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_runner_validation_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dast_runner_validation_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
     let(:default_branch) { project.default_branch_or_main }
     let(:pipeline_branch) { default_branch }
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
     let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dependency_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dependency_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index 37858025693a84a6b5c158a8bb2094b8bbe7d777..5474fed9b45350fe0200ca7ded3705437151e7ee 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dependency_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/dependency_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:files) { { 'README.txt' => '' } }
     let(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: files) }
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'master') }
     let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/license_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/license_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index 9258372cd0ade371b760e552f44370d109d08e34..9d62ce3d7f3cbee41ec19e5953ed295e3260a0d6 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/license_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/license_scanning_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     let_it_be_with_refind(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: { 'README.txt' => '' }) }
 
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'master') }
     let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/sast_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/sast_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index 182ac29d8629a81d3eb6cc31ea4d105d91f3af89..a37599eee34cd3131c0f8540e7830b9d6d0e8f5b 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/sast_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/sast_gitlab_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
     let(:default_branch) { 'master' }
     let(:files) { { 'README.txt' => '' } }
     let(:project) { create(:project, :custom_repo, files: files) }
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: 'master') }
     let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/secure_binaries_ci_yaml_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/secure_binaries_ci_yaml_spec.rb
index 521cbb19521951252f201885d02dc008299818ac..4ca61ae73d82506010aca436f6aca6e2ed6fdb99 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/secure_binaries_ci_yaml_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/secure_binaries_ci_yaml_spec.rb
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
     let(:default_branch) { project.default_branch_or_main }
     let(:pipeline_branch) { default_branch }
-    let(:user) { project.owner }
+    let(:user) { project.first_owner }
     let(:service) { Ci::CreatePipelineService.new(project, user, ref: pipeline_branch ) }
     let(:pipeline) { service.execute!(:push).payload }
     let(:build_names) { pipeline.builds.pluck(:name) }
diff --git a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/elastic/indexer_spec.rb b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/elastic/indexer_spec.rb
index 376f4e409a745c008a832ab1ee943733012ef7ca..7f3e422668a024d67b5afcdace7eb78718d2f28f 100644
--- a/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/elastic/indexer_spec.rb
+++ b/ee/spec/lib/gitlab/elastic/indexer_spec.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
   end
 
   let(:project) { create(:project, :repository) }
-  let(:user) { project.owner }
+  let(:user) { project.first_owner }
 
   let(:expected_from_sha) { Gitlab::Git::EMPTY_TREE_ID }
   let(:to_commit) { project.commit }