Update the workspace default image to use apt/mise to install all languages and package managers

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MR: Pending

Description

Update the default image to follow the documented precedence for installing dependencies, as documented in https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-build-images/-/tree/master#workspace-image-dependency-installation-order-of-precedence:

Workspace image dependency installation order of precedence

In the workspaces images, a specific order of precedence should be used when installing dependencies, to prioritize the following goals:

1. Prefer built packages rather than building from source
2. Prefer package managers rather than direct downloads of installation packages or source/tarballs

The following order of precedence for dependencies should be used:

1. apt: if we don’t care about the version of the dependency.
2. mise:
   1. if not available via apt, or
   2. if we care about the version, or
   3. if we want users of the image to be able to easily override the version via .tool-versions/mise.toml.
3. Installation package from dependency's official download site: if apt or mise cannot be used for some reason.
4. Source built from dependency's official repo or download site: if installation package doesn’t work for some reason.

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• [If applicable, please provide design specifications for this feature/enhancement.]
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Implementation plan

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