Refactor hook_association_changes for Enhanced Readability and RuboCop Compliance

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Summary

The method hook_association_changes in our codebase currently bypasses certain RuboCop metrics (Metrics/AbcSize and Metrics/PerceivedComplexity), indicating issues with complexity and size.
This issue aims to refactor the method for improved readability and to adhere to our RuboCop standards.

Details

The method is integral for tracking changes in object associations but requires refactoring to enhance its readability and maintainability.

Reducing Complexity:

• Streamline conditional logic for better clarity.
• Break down the method into smaller, focused methods to improve readability and ease maintenance.

Move EE to ee/

• Features such as approval_rules are ee only, so the code related to it, and other features should be moved to the ee/ directory.

Enhancing Readability:

• Update and refine code comments for clearer understanding.
• Align the method with coding standards and re-enable the disabled RuboCop metrics.

Testing and Documentation:

• It's crucial that the existing tests continue to pass post-refactoring, ensuring that functionality remains intact.
• While adding new tests is not strictly necessary, it is encouraged to cover any new code paths or logic introduced during refactoring.
• Update relevant documentation to reflect any changes in the method’s structure or usage.

Additional Information

• The method is used in merge_request webhook data.
• Related MR: !138564 (merged)