Update protobuf version to fix ARM build issues

Currently, Gitaly uses protobuf version 23.1 which includes a dependency on abseil. This version of abseil contains a bug that prevents successful compilation on ARM machines.

The issue has been fixed upstream in abseil (see abseil/abseil-cpp#1241).

To resolve this, we need to:

1. Update the PROTOC_VERSION to include the latest abseil fix
2. Verify the build works correctly on ARM machines

This update will enable proper compilation on ARM architecture with clang 17.

[  5%] Built target periodic_sampler
[  5%] Building CXX object third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/random/CMakeFiles/random_internal_randen_slow.dir/internal/randen_slow.cc.o
[  5%] Linking C static library libutf8_range.a
c++: error: unsupported option '-msse4.1' for target 'arm64-apple-darwin24.4.0'
[  5%] Building CXX object third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/time/CMakeFiles/time_zone.dir/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_lookup.cc.o
make[3]: *** [third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/random/CMakeFiles/random_internal_randen_hwaes_impl.dir/internal/randen_hwaes.cc.o] Error 1
make[2]: *** [third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/random/CMakeFiles/random_internal_randen_hwaes_impl.dir/all] Error 2
make[2]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
[  6%] Building CXX object third_party/abseil-cpp/absl/time/CMakeFiles/time_zone.dir/internal/cctz/src/time_zone_posix.cc.o