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ratatui::text

Struct Span

Source 
pub struct Span<'a> {
    pub style: Style,
    pub content: Cow<'a, str>,
}
Expand description

Represents a part of a line that is contiguous and where all characters share the same style.

A Span is the smallest unit of text that can be styled. It is usually combined in the Line type to represent a line of text where each Span may have a different style.

§Constructor Methods

  • Span::default creates an span with empty content and the default style.
  • Span::raw creates an span with the specified content and the default style.
  • Span::styled creates an span with the specified content and style.

§Setter Methods

These methods are fluent setters. They return a new Span with the specified property set.

§Other Methods

§Examples

A Span with style set to Style::default() can be created from a &str, a String, or any type convertible to Cow<str>.

use ratatui_core::text::Span;

let span = Span::raw("test content");
let span = Span::raw(String::from("test content"));
let span = Span::from("test content");
let span = Span::from(String::from("test content"));
let span: Span = "test content".into();
let span: Span = String::from("test content").into();

Styled spans can be created using Span::styled or by converting strings using methods from the Stylize trait.

use ratatui_core::{
    style::{Style, Stylize},
    text::Span,
};

let span = Span::styled("test content", Style::new().green());
let span = Span::styled(String::from("test content"), Style::new().green());

// using Stylize trait shortcuts
let span = "test content".green();
let span = String::from("test content").green();

Span implements the Styled trait, which allows it to be styled using the shortcut methods defined in the Stylize trait.

use ratatui_core::{style::Stylize, text::Span};

let span = Span::raw("test content").green().on_yellow().italic();
let span = Span::raw(String::from("test content"))
    .green()
    .on_yellow()
    .italic();

Span implements the Widget trait, which allows it to be rendered to a Buffer. Often apps will use the Paragraph widget instead of rendering Span directly, as it handles text wrapping and alignment for you.

ⓘ
use ratatui::{style::Stylize, Frame};

frame.render_widget("test content".green().on_yellow().italic(), frame.area());

Fields§

§style: Style

The style of the span.

§content: Cow<'a, str>

The content of the span as a Clone-on-write string.

Implementations§

Source§

impl<'a> Span<'a>

Source

pub fn raw<T>(content: T) -> Span<'a>
where T: Into<Cow<'a, str>>,

Create a span with the default style.

§Examples
use ratatui_core::text::Span;

Span::raw("test content");
Span::raw(String::from("test content"));
Examples found in repository?
examples/inline.rs (line 257)
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fn draw(frame: &mut Frame, downloads: &Downloads) {
    let area = frame.area();

    let block = Block::new().title(Line::from("Progress").centered());
    frame.render_widget(block, area);

    let vertical = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Length(2), Constraint::Length(4)]).margin(1);
    let horizontal = Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Percentage(20), Constraint::Percentage(80)]);
    let [progress_area, main] = vertical.areas(area);
    let [list_area, gauge_area] = horizontal.areas(main);

    // total progress
    let done = NUM_DOWNLOADS - downloads.pending.len() - downloads.in_progress.len();
    #[allow(clippy::cast_precision_loss)]
    let progress = LineGauge::default()
        .filled_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Blue))
        .label(format!("{done}/{NUM_DOWNLOADS}"))
        .ratio(done as f64 / NUM_DOWNLOADS as f64);
    frame.render_widget(progress, progress_area);

    // in progress downloads
    let items: Vec<ListItem> = downloads
        .in_progress
        .values()
        .map(|download| {
            ListItem::new(Line::from(vec![
                Span::raw(symbols::DOT),
                Span::styled(
                    format!(" download {:>2}", download.id),
                    Style::default()
                        .fg(Color::LightGreen)
                        .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
                ),
                Span::raw(format!(
                    " ({}ms)",
                    download.started_at.elapsed().as_millis()
                )),
            ]))
        })
        .collect();
    let list = List::new(items);
    frame.render_widget(list, list_area);

    #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
    for (i, (_, download)) in downloads.in_progress.iter().enumerate() {
        let gauge = Gauge::default()
            .gauge_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
            .ratio(download.progress / 100.0);
        if gauge_area.top().saturating_add(i as u16) > area.bottom() {
            continue;
        }
        frame.render_widget(
            gauge,
            Rect {
                x: gauge_area.left(),
                y: gauge_area.top().saturating_add(i as u16),
                width: gauge_area.width,
                height: 1,
            },
        );
    }
}
More examples
Hide additional examples
examples/user_input.rs (line 231)
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    fn draw(&self, frame: &mut Frame) {
        let vertical = Layout::vertical([
            Constraint::Length(1),
            Constraint::Length(3),
            Constraint::Min(1),
        ]);
        let [help_area, input_area, messages_area] = vertical.areas(frame.area());

        let (msg, style) = match self.input_mode {
            InputMode::Normal => (
                vec![
                    "Press ".into(),
                    "q".bold(),
                    " to exit, ".into(),
                    "e".bold(),
                    " to start editing.".bold(),
                ],
                Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::RAPID_BLINK),
            ),
            InputMode::Editing => (
                vec![
                    "Press ".into(),
                    "Esc".bold(),
                    " to stop editing, ".into(),
                    "Enter".bold(),
                    " to record the message".into(),
                ],
                Style::default(),
            ),
        };
        let text = Text::from(Line::from(msg)).patch_style(style);
        let help_message = Paragraph::new(text);
        frame.render_widget(help_message, help_area);

        let input = Paragraph::new(self.input.as_str())
            .style(match self.input_mode {
                InputMode::Normal => Style::default(),
                InputMode::Editing => Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow),
            })
            .block(Block::bordered().title("Input"));
        frame.render_widget(input, input_area);
        match self.input_mode {
            // Hide the cursor. `Frame` does this by default, so we don't need to do anything here
            InputMode::Normal => {}

            // Make the cursor visible and ask ratatui to put it at the specified coordinates after
            // rendering
            #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
            InputMode::Editing => frame.set_cursor_position(Position::new(
                // Draw the cursor at the current position in the input field.
                // This position can be controlled via the left and right arrow key
                input_area.x + self.character_index as u16 + 1,
                // Move one line down, from the border to the input line
                input_area.y + 1,
            )),
        }

        let messages: Vec<ListItem> = self
            .messages
            .iter()
            .enumerate()
            .map(|(i, m)| {
                let content = Line::from(Span::raw(format!("{i}: {m}")));
                ListItem::new(content)
            })
            .collect();
        let messages = List::new(messages).block(Block::bordered().title("Messages"));
        frame.render_widget(messages, messages_area);
    }
examples/scrollbar-widget.rs (line 118)
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    fn draw(&mut self, frame: &mut Frame) {
        let area = frame.area();

        // Words made "loooong" to demonstrate line breaking.
        let s =
            "Veeeeeeeeeeeeeeeery    loooooooooooooooooong   striiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiing.   ";
        let mut long_line = s.repeat(usize::from(area.width) / s.len() + 4);
        long_line.push('\n');

        let chunks = Layout::vertical([
            Constraint::Min(1),
            Constraint::Percentage(25),
            Constraint::Percentage(25),
            Constraint::Percentage(25),
            Constraint::Percentage(25),
        ])
        .split(area);

        let text = vec![
            Line::from("This is a line "),
            Line::from("This is a line   ".red()),
            Line::from("This is a line".on_dark_gray()),
            Line::from("This is a longer line".crossed_out()),
            Line::from(long_line.clone()),
            Line::from("This is a line".reset()),
            Line::from(vec![
                Span::raw("Masked text: "),
                Span::styled(Masked::new("password", '*'), Style::new().fg(Color::Red)),
            ]),
            Line::from("This is a line "),
            Line::from("This is a line   ".red()),
            Line::from("This is a line".on_dark_gray()),
            Line::from("This is a longer line".crossed_out()),
            Line::from(long_line.clone()),
            Line::from("This is a line".reset()),
            Line::from(vec![
                Span::raw("Masked text: "),
                Span::styled(Masked::new("password", '*'), Style::new().fg(Color::Red)),
            ]),
        ];
        self.vertical_scroll_state = self.vertical_scroll_state.content_length(text.len());
        self.horizontal_scroll_state = self.horizontal_scroll_state.content_length(long_line.len());

        let create_block = |title: &'static str| Block::bordered().gray().title(title.bold());

        let title = Block::new()
            .title_alignment(Alignment::Center)
            .title("Use h j k l or ◄ ▲ ▼ ► to scroll ".bold());
        frame.render_widget(title, chunks[0]);

        let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
            .gray()
            .block(create_block("Vertical scrollbar with arrows"))
            .scroll((self.vertical_scroll as u16, 0));
        frame.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[1]);
        frame.render_stateful_widget(
            Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::VerticalRight)
                .begin_symbol(Some("↑"))
                .end_symbol(Some("↓")),
            chunks[1],
            &mut self.vertical_scroll_state,
        );

        let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
            .gray()
            .block(create_block(
                "Vertical scrollbar without arrows, without track symbol and mirrored",
            ))
            .scroll((self.vertical_scroll as u16, 0));
        frame.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[2]);
        frame.render_stateful_widget(
            Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::VerticalLeft)
                .symbols(scrollbar::VERTICAL)
                .begin_symbol(None)
                .track_symbol(None)
                .end_symbol(None),
            chunks[2].inner(Margin {
                vertical: 1,
                horizontal: 0,
            }),
            &mut self.vertical_scroll_state,
        );

        let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
            .gray()
            .block(create_block(
                "Horizontal scrollbar with only begin arrow & custom thumb symbol",
            ))
            .scroll((0, self.horizontal_scroll as u16));
        frame.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[3]);
        frame.render_stateful_widget(
            Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::HorizontalBottom)
                .thumb_symbol("🬋")
                .end_symbol(None),
            chunks[3].inner(Margin {
                vertical: 0,
                horizontal: 1,
            }),
            &mut self.horizontal_scroll_state,
        );

        let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
            .gray()
            .block(create_block(
                "Horizontal scrollbar without arrows & custom thumb and track symbol",
            ))
            .scroll((0, self.horizontal_scroll as u16));
        frame.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[4]);
        frame.render_stateful_widget(
            Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::HorizontalBottom)
                .thumb_symbol("░")
                .track_symbol(Some("─")),
            chunks[4].inner(Margin {
                vertical: 0,
                horizontal: 1,
            }),
            &mut self.horizontal_scroll_state,
        );
    }
Source

pub fn styled<T, S>(content: T, style: S) -> Span<'a>
where T: Into<Cow<'a, str>>, S: Into<Style>,

Create a span with the specified style.

content accepts any type that is convertible to Cow<str> (e.g. &str, String, &String, etc.).

style accepts any type that is convertible to Style (e.g. Style, Color, or your own type that implements Into<Style>).

§Examples
use ratatui_core::{
    style::{Style, Stylize},
    text::Span,
};

let style = Style::new().yellow().on_green().italic();
Span::styled("test content", style);
Span::styled(String::from("test content"), style);
Examples found in repository?
examples/gauge-widget.rs (lines 162-165)
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    fn render_gauge2(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let title = title_block("Gauge with ratio and custom label");
        let label = Span::styled(
            format!("{:.1}/100", self.progress2),
            Style::new().italic().bold().fg(CUSTOM_LABEL_COLOR),
        );
        Gauge::default()
            .block(title)
            .gauge_style(GAUGE2_COLOR)
            .ratio(self.progress2 / 100.0)
            .label(label)
            .render(area, buf);
    }
More examples
Hide additional examples
examples/inline.rs (lines 203-206)
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fn run(
    terminal: &mut Terminal<impl Backend>,
    workers: Vec<Worker>,
    mut downloads: Downloads,
    rx: mpsc::Receiver<Event>,
) -> Result<()> {
    let mut redraw = true;
    loop {
        if redraw {
            terminal.draw(|frame| draw(frame, &downloads))?;
        }
        redraw = true;

        match rx.recv()? {
            Event::Input(event) => {
                if event.code == event::KeyCode::Char('q') {
                    break;
                }
            }
            Event::Resize => {
                terminal.autoresize()?;
            }
            Event::Tick => {}
            Event::DownloadUpdate(worker_id, _download_id, progress) => {
                let download = downloads.in_progress.get_mut(&worker_id).unwrap();
                download.progress = progress;
                redraw = false;
            }
            Event::DownloadDone(worker_id, download_id) => {
                let download = downloads.in_progress.remove(&worker_id).unwrap();
                terminal.insert_before(1, |buf| {
                    Paragraph::new(Line::from(vec![
                        Span::from("Finished "),
                        Span::styled(
                            format!("download {download_id}"),
                            Style::default().add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
                        ),
                        Span::from(format!(
                            " in {}ms",
                            download.started_at.elapsed().as_millis()
                        )),
                    ]))
                    .render(buf.area, buf);
                })?;
                match downloads.next(worker_id) {
                    Some(d) => workers[worker_id].tx.send(d).unwrap(),
                    None => {
                        if downloads.in_progress.is_empty() {
                            terminal.insert_before(1, |buf| {
                                Paragraph::new("Done !").render(buf.area, buf);
                            })?;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                };
            }
        };
    }
    Ok(())
}

fn draw(frame: &mut Frame, downloads: &Downloads) {
    let area = frame.area();

    let block = Block::new().title(Line::from("Progress").centered());
    frame.render_widget(block, area);

    let vertical = Layout::vertical([Constraint::Length(2), Constraint::Length(4)]).margin(1);
    let horizontal = Layout::horizontal([Constraint::Percentage(20), Constraint::Percentage(80)]);
    let [progress_area, main] = vertical.areas(area);
    let [list_area, gauge_area] = horizontal.areas(main);

    // total progress
    let done = NUM_DOWNLOADS - downloads.pending.len() - downloads.in_progress.len();
    #[allow(clippy::cast_precision_loss)]
    let progress = LineGauge::default()
        .filled_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Blue))
        .label(format!("{done}/{NUM_DOWNLOADS}"))
        .ratio(done as f64 / NUM_DOWNLOADS as f64);
    frame.render_widget(progress, progress_area);

    // in progress downloads
    let items: Vec<ListItem> = downloads
        .in_progress
        .values()
        .map(|download| {
            ListItem::new(Line::from(vec![
                Span::raw(symbols::DOT),
                Span::styled(
                    format!(" download {:>2}", download.id),
                    Style::default()
                        .fg(Color::LightGreen)
                        .add_modifier(Modifier::BOLD),
                ),
                Span::raw(format!(
                    " ({}ms)",
                    download.started_at.elapsed().as_millis()
                )),
            ]))
        })
        .collect();
    let list = List::new(items);
    frame.render_widget(list, list_area);

    #[allow(clippy::cast_possible_truncation)]
    for (i, (_, download)) in downloads.in_progress.iter().enumerate() {
        let gauge = Gauge::default()
            .gauge_style(Style::default().fg(Color::Yellow))
            .ratio(download.progress / 100.0);
        if gauge_area.top().saturating_add(i as u16) > area.bottom() {
            continue;
        }
        frame.render_widget(
            gauge,
            Rect {
                x: gauge_area.left(),
                y: gauge_area.top().saturating_add(i as u16),
                width: gauge_area.width,
                height: 1,
            },
        );
    }
}
examples/scrollbar-widget.rs (line 119)
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    fn draw(&mut self, frame: &mut Frame) {
        let area = frame.area();

        // Words made "loooong" to demonstrate line breaking.
        let s =
            "Veeeeeeeeeeeeeeeery    loooooooooooooooooong   striiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiing.   ";
        let mut long_line = s.repeat(usize::from(area.width) / s.len() + 4);
        long_line.push('\n');

        let chunks = Layout::vertical([
            Constraint::Min(1),
            Constraint::Percentage(25),
            Constraint::Percentage(25),
            Constraint::Percentage(25),
            Constraint::Percentage(25),
        ])
        .split(area);

        let text = vec![
            Line::from("This is a line "),
            Line::from("This is a line   ".red()),
            Line::from("This is a line".on_dark_gray()),
            Line::from("This is a longer line".crossed_out()),
            Line::from(long_line.clone()),
            Line::from("This is a line".reset()),
            Line::from(vec![
                Span::raw("Masked text: "),
                Span::styled(Masked::new("password", '*'), Style::new().fg(Color::Red)),
            ]),
            Line::from("This is a line "),
            Line::from("This is a line   ".red()),
            Line::from("This is a line".on_dark_gray()),
            Line::from("This is a longer line".crossed_out()),
            Line::from(long_line.clone()),
            Line::from("This is a line".reset()),
            Line::from(vec![
                Span::raw("Masked text: "),
                Span::styled(Masked::new("password", '*'), Style::new().fg(Color::Red)),
            ]),
        ];
        self.vertical_scroll_state = self.vertical_scroll_state.content_length(text.len());
        self.horizontal_scroll_state = self.horizontal_scroll_state.content_length(long_line.len());

        let create_block = |title: &'static str| Block::bordered().gray().title(title.bold());

        let title = Block::new()
            .title_alignment(Alignment::Center)
            .title("Use h j k l or ◄ ▲ ▼ ► to scroll ".bold());
        frame.render_widget(title, chunks[0]);

        let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
            .gray()
            .block(create_block("Vertical scrollbar with arrows"))
            .scroll((self.vertical_scroll as u16, 0));
        frame.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[1]);
        frame.render_stateful_widget(
            Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::VerticalRight)
                .begin_symbol(Some("↑"))
                .end_symbol(Some("↓")),
            chunks[1],
            &mut self.vertical_scroll_state,
        );

        let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
            .gray()
            .block(create_block(
                "Vertical scrollbar without arrows, without track symbol and mirrored",
            ))
            .scroll((self.vertical_scroll as u16, 0));
        frame.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[2]);
        frame.render_stateful_widget(
            Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::VerticalLeft)
                .symbols(scrollbar::VERTICAL)
                .begin_symbol(None)
                .track_symbol(None)
                .end_symbol(None),
            chunks[2].inner(Margin {
                vertical: 1,
                horizontal: 0,
            }),
            &mut self.vertical_scroll_state,
        );

        let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
            .gray()
            .block(create_block(
                "Horizontal scrollbar with only begin arrow & custom thumb symbol",
            ))
            .scroll((0, self.horizontal_scroll as u16));
        frame.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[3]);
        frame.render_stateful_widget(
            Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::HorizontalBottom)
                .thumb_symbol("🬋")
                .end_symbol(None),
            chunks[3].inner(Margin {
                vertical: 0,
                horizontal: 1,
            }),
            &mut self.horizontal_scroll_state,
        );

        let paragraph = Paragraph::new(text.clone())
            .gray()
            .block(create_block(
                "Horizontal scrollbar without arrows & custom thumb and track symbol",
            ))
            .scroll((0, self.horizontal_scroll as u16));
        frame.render_widget(paragraph, chunks[4]);
        frame.render_stateful_widget(
            Scrollbar::new(ScrollbarOrientation::HorizontalBottom)
                .thumb_symbol("░")
                .track_symbol(Some("─")),
            chunks[4].inner(Margin {
                vertical: 0,
                horizontal: 1,
            }),
            &mut self.horizontal_scroll_state,
        );
    }
Source

pub fn content<T>(self, content: T) -> Span<'a>
where T: Into<Cow<'a, str>>,

Sets the content of the span.

This is a fluent setter method which must be chained or used as it consumes self

Accepts any type that can be converted to Cow<str> (e.g. &str, String, &String, etc.).

§Examples
use ratatui_core::text::Span;

let mut span = Span::default().content("content");
Source

pub fn style<S>(self, style: S) -> Span<'a>
where S: Into<Style>,

Sets the style of the span.

This is a fluent setter method which must be chained or used as it consumes self

In contrast to Span::patch_style, this method replaces the style of the span instead of patching it.

style accepts any type that is convertible to Style (e.g. Style, Color, or your own type that implements Into<Style>).

§Examples
use ratatui_core::{
    style::{Style, Stylize},
    text::Span,
};

let mut span = Span::default().style(Style::new().green());
Source

pub fn patch_style<S>(self, style: S) -> Span<'a>
where S: Into<Style>,

Patches the style of the Span, adding modifiers from the given style.

style accepts any type that is convertible to Style (e.g. Style, Color, or your own type that implements Into<Style>).

This is a fluent setter method which must be chained or used as it consumes self

§Example
use ratatui_core::{
    style::{Style, Stylize},
    text::Span,
};

let span = Span::styled("test content", Style::new().green().italic())
    .patch_style(Style::new().red().on_yellow().bold());
assert_eq!(span.style, Style::new().red().on_yellow().italic().bold());
Source

pub fn reset_style(self) -> Span<'a>

Resets the style of the Span.

This is Equivalent to calling patch_style(Style::reset()).

This is a fluent setter method which must be chained or used as it consumes self

§Example
use ratatui_core::{
    style::{Style, Stylize},
    text::Span,
};

let span = Span::styled(
    "Test Content",
    Style::new().dark_gray().on_yellow().italic(),
)
.reset_style();
assert_eq!(span.style, Style::reset());
Source

pub fn width(&self) -> usize

Returns the unicode width of the content held by this span.

Source

pub fn styled_graphemes<S>( &'a self, base_style: S, ) -> impl Iterator<Item = StyledGrapheme<'a>>
where S: Into<Style>,

Returns an iterator over the graphemes held by this span.

base_style is the Style that will be patched with the Span’s style to get the resulting Style.

base_style accepts any type that is convertible to Style (e.g. Style, Color, or your own type that implements Into<Style>).

§Example
use std::iter::Iterator;

use ratatui_core::{
    style::{Style, Stylize},
    text::{Span, StyledGrapheme},
};

let span = Span::styled("Test", Style::new().green().italic());
let style = Style::new().red().on_yellow();
assert_eq!(
    span.styled_graphemes(style)
        .collect::<Vec<StyledGrapheme>>(),
    vec![
        StyledGrapheme::new("T", Style::new().green().on_yellow().italic()),
        StyledGrapheme::new("e", Style::new().green().on_yellow().italic()),
        StyledGrapheme::new("s", Style::new().green().on_yellow().italic()),
        StyledGrapheme::new("t", Style::new().green().on_yellow().italic()),
    ],
);
Source

pub fn into_left_aligned_line(self) -> Line<'a>

Converts this Span into a left-aligned Line

§Example
use ratatui_core::style::Stylize;

let line = "Test Content".green().italic().into_left_aligned_line();
Source

pub fn to_left_aligned_line(self) -> Line<'a>

👎Deprecated: use into_left_aligned_line
Source

pub fn into_centered_line(self) -> Line<'a>

Converts this Span into a center-aligned Line

§Example
use ratatui_core::style::Stylize;

let line = "Test Content".green().italic().into_centered_line();
Examples found in repository?
examples/constraint-explorer.rs (line 279)
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    fn header() -> impl Widget {
        let text = "Constraint Explorer";
        text.bold().fg(Self::HEADER_COLOR).into_centered_line()
    }

    fn instructions() -> impl Widget {
        let text = "◄ ►: select, ▲ ▼: edit, 1-6: swap, a: add, x: delete, q: quit, + -: spacing";
        Paragraph::new(text)
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .centered()
            .wrap(Wrap { trim: false })
    }

    fn swap_legend() -> impl Widget {
        #[allow(unstable_name_collisions)]
        Paragraph::new(
            Line::from(
                [
                    ConstraintName::Min,
                    ConstraintName::Max,
                    ConstraintName::Length,
                    ConstraintName::Percentage,
                    ConstraintName::Ratio,
                    ConstraintName::Fill,
                ]
                .iter()
                .enumerate()
                .map(|(i, name)| {
                    format!("  {i}: {name}  ", i = i + 1)
                        .fg(SLATE.c200)
                        .bg(name.color())
                })
                .intersperse(Span::from(" "))
                .collect_vec(),
            )
            .centered(),
        )
        .wrap(Wrap { trim: false })
    }

    /// A bar like `<----- 80 px (gap: 2 px) ----->`
    ///
    /// Only shows the gap when spacing is not zero
    fn axis(&self, width: u16) -> impl Widget {
        let label = if self.spacing != 0 {
            format!("{} px (gap: {} px)", width, self.spacing)
        } else {
            format!("{width} px")
        };
        let bar_width = width.saturating_sub(2) as usize; // we want to `<` and `>` at the ends
        let width_bar = format!("<{label:-^bar_width$}>");
        Paragraph::new(width_bar).fg(Self::AXIS_COLOR).centered()
    }

    fn render_layout_blocks(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let [user_constraints, area] = Layout::vertical([Length(3), Fill(1)])
            .spacing(1)
            .areas(area);

        self.render_user_constraints_legend(user_constraints, buf);

        let [start, center, end, space_around, space_between] =
            Layout::vertical([Length(7); 5]).areas(area);

        self.render_layout_block(Flex::Start, start, buf);
        self.render_layout_block(Flex::Center, center, buf);
        self.render_layout_block(Flex::End, end, buf);
        self.render_layout_block(Flex::SpaceAround, space_around, buf);
        self.render_layout_block(Flex::SpaceBetween, space_between, buf);
    }

    fn render_user_constraints_legend(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let constraints = self.constraints.iter().map(|_| Constraint::Fill(1));
        let blocks = Layout::horizontal(constraints).split(area);

        for (i, (area, constraint)) in blocks.iter().zip(self.constraints.iter()).enumerate() {
            let selected = self.selected_index == i;
            ConstraintBlock::new(*constraint, selected, true).render(*area, buf);
        }
    }

    fn render_layout_block(&self, flex: Flex, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let [label_area, axis_area, blocks_area] =
            Layout::vertical([Length(1), Max(1), Length(4)]).areas(area);

        if label_area.height > 0 {
            format!("Flex::{flex:?}").bold().render(label_area, buf);
        }

        self.axis(area.width).render(axis_area, buf);

        let (blocks, spacers) = Layout::horizontal(&self.constraints)
            .flex(flex)
            .spacing(self.spacing)
            .split_with_spacers(blocks_area);

        for (i, (area, constraint)) in blocks.iter().zip(self.constraints.iter()).enumerate() {
            let selected = self.selected_index == i;
            ConstraintBlock::new(*constraint, selected, false).render(*area, buf);
        }

        for area in spacers.iter() {
            SpacerBlock.render(*area, buf);
        }
    }
}

impl Widget for ConstraintBlock {
    fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        match area.height {
            1 => self.render_1px(area, buf),
            2 => self.render_2px(area, buf),
            _ => self.render_4px(area, buf),
        }
    }
}

impl ConstraintBlock {
    const TEXT_COLOR: Color = SLATE.c200;

    const fn new(constraint: Constraint, selected: bool, legend: bool) -> Self {
        Self {
            constraint,
            legend,
            selected,
        }
    }

    fn label(&self, width: u16) -> String {
        let long_width = format!("{width} px");
        let short_width = format!("{width}");
        // border takes up 2 columns
        let available_space = width.saturating_sub(2) as usize;
        let width_label = if long_width.len() < available_space {
            long_width
        } else if short_width.len() < available_space {
            short_width
        } else {
            String::new()
        };
        format!("{}\n{}", self.constraint, width_label)
    }

    fn render_1px(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let lighter_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).lighter_color();
        let main_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).color();
        let selected_color = if self.selected {
            lighter_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        Block::new()
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .bg(selected_color)
            .render(area, buf);
    }

    fn render_2px(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let lighter_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).lighter_color();
        let main_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).color();
        let selected_color = if self.selected {
            lighter_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        Block::bordered()
            .border_set(symbols::border::QUADRANT_OUTSIDE)
            .border_style(Style::reset().fg(selected_color).reversed())
            .render(area, buf);
    }

    fn render_4px(&self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        let lighter_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).lighter_color();
        let main_color = ConstraintName::from(self.constraint).color();
        let selected_color = if self.selected {
            lighter_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        let color = if self.legend {
            selected_color
        } else {
            main_color
        };
        let label = self.label(area.width);
        let block = Block::bordered()
            .border_set(symbols::border::QUADRANT_OUTSIDE)
            .border_style(Style::reset().fg(color).reversed())
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .bg(color);
        Paragraph::new(label)
            .centered()
            .fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR)
            .bg(color)
            .block(block)
            .render(area, buf);

        if !self.legend {
            let border_color = if self.selected {
                lighter_color
            } else {
                main_color
            };
            if let Some(last_row) = area.rows().last() {
                buf.set_style(last_row, border_color);
            }
        }
    }
}

impl Widget for SpacerBlock {
    fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer) {
        match area.height {
            1 => (),
            2 => Self::render_2px(area, buf),
            3 => Self::render_3px(area, buf),
            _ => Self::render_4px(area, buf),
        }
    }
}

impl SpacerBlock {
    const TEXT_COLOR: Color = SLATE.c500;
    const BORDER_COLOR: Color = SLATE.c600;

    /// A block with a corner borders
    fn block() -> impl Widget {
        let corners_only = symbols::border::Set {
            top_left: line::NORMAL.top_left,
            top_right: line::NORMAL.top_right,
            bottom_left: line::NORMAL.bottom_left,
            bottom_right: line::NORMAL.bottom_right,
            vertical_left: " ",
            vertical_right: " ",
            horizontal_top: " ",
            horizontal_bottom: " ",
        };
        Block::bordered()
            .border_set(corners_only)
            .border_style(Self::BORDER_COLOR)
    }

    /// A vertical line used if there is not enough space to render the block
    fn line() -> impl Widget {
        Paragraph::new(Text::from(vec![
            Line::from(""),
            Line::from("│"),
            Line::from("│"),
            Line::from(""),
        ]))
        .style(Self::BORDER_COLOR)
    }

    /// A label that says "Spacer" if there is enough space
    fn spacer_label(width: u16) -> impl Widget {
        let label = if width >= 6 { "Spacer" } else { "" };
        label.fg(Self::TEXT_COLOR).into_centered_line()
    }
Source

pub fn to_centered_line(self) -> Line<'a>

👎Deprecated: use into_centered_line
Source

pub fn into_right_aligned_line(self) -> Line<'a>

Converts this Span into a right-aligned Line

§Example
use ratatui_core::style::Stylize;

let line = "Test Content".green().italic().into_right_aligned_line();
Source

pub fn to_right_aligned_line(self) -> Line<'a>

👎Deprecated: use into_right_aligned_line

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impl<'a> Add<Span<'a>> for Line<'a>

Adds a Span to a Line, returning a new Line with the Span added.

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type Output = Line<'a>

The resulting type after applying the + operator.
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fn add(self, rhs: Span<'a>) -> <Line<'a> as Add<Span<'a>>>::Output

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type Output = Line<'a>

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where T: IntoIterator<Item = Span<'a>>,

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🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (extend_one)
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Converts to this type from the input type.
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Converts to this type from the input type.
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where T: Into<Cow<'a, str>>,

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where __H: Hasher,

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where H: Hasher, Self: Sized,

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fn eq(&self, other: &Span<'a>) -> bool

Tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.
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fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
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impl Styled for Span<'_>

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type Item = Span<'_>

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fn style(&self) -> Style

Returns the style of the object.
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where S: Into<Style>,

Sets the style of the object. Read more
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impl Widget for &Span<'_>

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fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer)

Draws the current state of the widget in the given buffer. That is the only method required to implement a custom widget.
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impl Widget for Span<'_>

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fn render(self, area: Rect, buf: &mut Buffer)

Draws the current state of the widget in the given buffer. That is the only method required to implement a custom widget.
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impl<'a> Freeze for Span<'a>

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where T: Real + Zero + Arithmetics + Clone, Swp: WhitePoint<T>, Dwp: WhitePoint<T>, D: AdaptFrom<S, Swp, Dwp, T>,

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fn adapt_into_using<M>(self, method: M) -> D
where M: TransformMatrix<T>,

Convert the source color to the destination color using the specified method.
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Convert the source color to the destination color using the bradford method by default.
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Cast a collection of colors into a collection of arrays.
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unsafe fn clone_to_uninit(&self, dst: *mut u8)

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Converts self into a Left variant of Either<Self, Self> if into_left(&self) returns true. Converts self into a Right variant of Either<Self, Self> otherwise. Read more
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impl<T> IntoStimulus<T> for T

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fn into_stimulus(self) -> T

Converts self into T, while performing the appropriate scaling, rounding and clamping.
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impl<T> Same for T

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type Output = T

Should always be Self
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impl<T, U> Stylize<'_, T> for U
where U: Styled<Item = T>,

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fn bg<C>(self, color: C) -> T
where C: Into<Color>,

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fn fg<C>(self, color: C) -> T
where C: Into<Color>,

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fn add_modifier(self, modifier: Modifier) -> T

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fn remove_modifier(self, modifier: Modifier) -> T

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fn reset(self) -> T

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fn black(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to black.
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fn on_black(self) -> T

Sets the background color to black.
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fn red(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to red.
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fn on_red(self) -> T

Sets the background color to red.
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fn green(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to green.
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fn on_green(self) -> T

Sets the background color to green.
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fn yellow(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to yellow.
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fn on_yellow(self) -> T

Sets the background color to yellow.
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fn blue(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to blue.
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fn on_blue(self) -> T

Sets the background color to blue.
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fn magenta(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to magenta.
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fn on_magenta(self) -> T

Sets the background color to magenta.
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fn cyan(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to cyan.
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fn on_cyan(self) -> T

Sets the background color to cyan.
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fn gray(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to gray.
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fn on_gray(self) -> T

Sets the background color to gray.
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fn dark_gray(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to dark_gray.
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fn on_dark_gray(self) -> T

Sets the background color to dark_gray.
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fn light_red(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to light_red.
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fn on_light_red(self) -> T

Sets the background color to light_red.
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fn light_green(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to light_green.
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fn on_light_green(self) -> T

Sets the background color to light_green.
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fn light_yellow(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to light_yellow.
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fn on_light_yellow(self) -> T

Sets the background color to light_yellow.
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fn light_blue(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to light_blue.
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fn on_light_blue(self) -> T

Sets the background color to light_blue.
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fn light_magenta(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to light_magenta.
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fn on_light_magenta(self) -> T

Sets the background color to light_magenta.
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fn light_cyan(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to light_cyan.
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fn on_light_cyan(self) -> T

Sets the background color to light_cyan.
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fn white(self) -> T

Sets the foreground color to white.
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fn on_white(self) -> T

Sets the background color to white.
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fn bold(self) -> T

Adds the BOLD modifier.
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fn not_bold(self) -> T

Removes the BOLD modifier.
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fn dim(self) -> T

Adds the DIM modifier.
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fn not_dim(self) -> T

Removes the DIM modifier.
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fn italic(self) -> T

Adds the ITALIC modifier.
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fn not_italic(self) -> T

Removes the ITALIC modifier.
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fn underlined(self) -> T

Adds the UNDERLINED modifier.
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fn not_underlined(self) -> T

Removes the UNDERLINED modifier.
Adds the SLOW_BLINK modifier.
Removes the SLOW_BLINK modifier.
Adds the RAPID_BLINK modifier.
Removes the RAPID_BLINK modifier.
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fn reversed(self) -> T

Adds the REVERSED modifier.
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fn not_reversed(self) -> T

Removes the REVERSED modifier.
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fn hidden(self) -> T

Adds the HIDDEN modifier.
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fn not_hidden(self) -> T

Removes the HIDDEN modifier.
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fn crossed_out(self) -> T

Adds the CROSSED_OUT modifier.
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fn not_crossed_out(self) -> T

Removes the CROSSED_OUT modifier.
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impl<T> ToCompactString for T
where T: Display,

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fn try_to_compact_string(&self) -> Result<CompactString, ToCompactStringError>

Fallible version of ToCompactString::to_compact_string() Read more
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fn to_compact_string(&self) -> CompactString

Converts the given value to a CompactString. Read more
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impl<T> ToLine for T
where T: Display,

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fn to_line(&self) -> Line<'_>

Converts the value to a Line.
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impl<T> ToOwned for T
where T: Clone,

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type Owned = T

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.
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fn to_owned(&self) -> T

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. Read more
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fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. Read more
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impl<T> ToSpan for T
where T: Display,

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fn to_span(&self) -> Span<'_>

Converts the value to a Span.
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impl<T> ToString for T
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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fn to_string(&self) -> String

Converts the given value to a String. Read more
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impl<T> ToText for T
where T: Display,

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fn to_text(&self) -> Text<'_>

Converts the value to a Text.
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impl<T, C> TryComponentsInto<C> for T
where C: TryFromComponents<T>,

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type Error = <C as TryFromComponents<T>>::Error

The error for when try_into_colors fails to cast.
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fn try_components_into(self) -> Result<C, <T as TryComponentsInto<C>>::Error>

Try to cast this collection of color components into a collection of colors. Read more
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,

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type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,

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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T, U> TryIntoColor<U> for T
where U: TryFromColor<T>,

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fn try_into_color(self) -> Result<U, OutOfBounds<U>>

Convert into T, returning ok if the color is inside of its defined range, otherwise an OutOfBounds error is returned which contains the unclamped color. Read more
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impl<C, U> UintsFrom<C> for U
where C: IntoUints<U>,

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fn uints_from(colors: C) -> U

Cast a collection of colors into a collection of unsigned integers.
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impl<C, U> UintsInto<C> for U
where C: FromUints<U>,

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fn uints_into(self) -> C

Cast this collection of unsigned integers into a collection of colors.