Python Runtime Services¶

The modules described in this chapter provide a wide range of services related to the Python interpreter and its interaction with its environment. Here’s an overview:

• sys — System-specific parameters and functions
• builtins — Built-in objects
• __main__ — Top-level script environment
• warnings — Warning control
  • Warning Categories
  • The Warnings Filter
  • Temporarily Suppressing Warnings
  • Testing Warnings
  • Available Functions
  • Available Context Managers
• contextlib — Utilities for with-statement contexts.
• abc — Abstract Base Classes
• atexit — Exit handlers
  • atexit Example
• traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback
  • Traceback Examples
• __future__ — Future statement definitions
• gc — Garbage Collector interface
• inspect — Inspect live objects
  • Types and members
  • Retrieving source code
  • Classes and functions
  • The interpreter stack
• site — Site-specific configuration hook
• fpectl — Floating point exception control
  • Example
  • Limitations and other considerations