HA-Si

Impact of the TAMs-CAFs Axis on tumor cell function in the tumor microenvironment👇 ✅This diagram illustrates the complex interactions between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) within the tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting their cooperative roles in promoting tumor growth and progression. ✅Initially, normal fibroblasts are activated by cytokines such as TGF-β and TNF-α, differentiating into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). These CAFs...

follow for more

small intestine histology labeled

of Tumor Angiogenesis👇 📎Sprouting Angiogenesis This is the most well-known form of angiogenesis, where new blood vessels form by sprouting from pre-existing ones. Endothelial cells lining existing capillaries proliferate and migrate toward signals from the tumor, creating new vascular branches that supply the tumor with nutrients and oxygen. 📎Bone Marrow-Derived Angiogenesis In this form, endothelial progenitor cells from the bone marrow are recruited to the tumor site. These progenitors...

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs)👇 📎Definition and Clinical Importance of CTCs: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are tumor cells that detach from the primary tumor and enter the bloodstream. They are clinically significant as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring. 📎CTCs in Cancer Research: CTCs are the only cell type with FDA-approved commercial assays for clinical decision-making. They also serve as valuable platforms for studying transcriptomics, genomics, and...

Altered Bone Marrow Niche in Sickle Cell Disease👇 ✅This schematic shows how the bone marrow (BM) niche is disrupted in sickle cell disease (SCD), impairing hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. ✅In the bone compartment, osteoblast numbers are reduced, while osteoclast activity is increased. This imbalance weakens bone structure and alters the support normally provided to HSCs. ✅Quiescent HSCs accumulate excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron. These changes reduce HSC quiescence...

osteocyte & osteoblast on a trabeculla

Interplay Between NETs, Vascular Dysfunction, and Cancer👇 ✅(A) Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a critical role in vascular injury and thrombosis. They can damage the endothelium and activate platelets, leading to the formation of intravascular thrombi. This process contributes to the pro-thrombotic state often observed in cancer patients. ✅Cancer itself can be viewed as a vascular disease, as tumors are characterized by abnormal blood vessels, pericyte loss, and poor vascular...

Study Chapter 6: Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure flashcards. Play games, take quizzes, print and more with Easy Notecards.

Connective tissues - Dense