The script was based on the memoirs of Soviet dissidents who faced the brutality of a totalitarian system that used so-called "punitive psychiatry" as a weapon against free thought.
The director wanted to use the music of the Rolling Stones, Queen and Pink Floyd for the film, but the copyright holders Sony Music and Warner Music Group set a price tag equivalent to the budget of the entire film. So the Western rock of the 1970s was composed by composer Hossein Mirzagoli.