Le Plus dignement

Can outright propaganda lead to a great film experience? I think so. Mikhail Kalatozov's Soy Cuba was nothing but propaganda for the Cuban Revolution, and it's a remarkable watch. The problem in general, I think, is that the demands of propaganda and drama are almost always diametrically opposed. Drama requires certain stakes and potentialities that propaganda is naturally resistant towards. It also requires a certain level of subtlety that is anathema to propaganda. You don't need a subtly driven message of duty to one's country, you need to hit your audience over the head with duty to Imperial Japan against America and Britain. That lack of subtlety combined with the fact that there is no antagonist really derails any sort of audience investment in the actions of the characters in Akira Kurosawa's second film, a film specifically made for propaganda purposes, funded by the Japanese government in the middle of World War II.

The story is about a group of female workers in a factory that specializes in lenses for the military. We never see an American or Brit, instead we just follow the girls as they try to deal with life during a four months period where production must increase over quotas. Something felt off about this film from the beginning when Watanabe (Yoko Yaguchi) cries to management that it's unfair that the men's quota went up by 100% but the women's quota only went up by 50%. Surely management, led by the director of the plant (Takashi Shimura), doesn't think so little of the women and their commitment to the cause. Surely they can raise the women's quota to 67%. When Watanabe comes back and tells all the girls of her successful negotiation, they all break into cheers. Do I believe that Japanese women would feel great senses of duty to the Empire and the cause? Yes, I do. Do I believe that they would endeavor to work as hard as possible? Yes. The issue is that it's all too easy. There's never a dissenting voice in the group about the work they have to do or the pressures on them. Management is kindly patriarchal and never harsh. There's no real drama here. It's all just dedication to the cause.

The bulk of the movie tracks the girls' morale against the output with a very clear relationship between them being happy and them meeting their goals over the four months. The pieces that feel like drama are a girl, Suzumura (Asako Suzuki) getting slightly sick and her father coming from the country to Tokyo to take her home with the rest of the girls crying as she leaves with her begging their forgiveness for missing work. There's another girl, Koyama (Haruko Toyama) who constantly runs a slight fever at night, but Watanabe covers for her so that she can work while protecting her from other physical activity. When the woman who runs their dorm, Mizushima (Takako Irie), leaves for a few days to try and bring Suzumura back, the other girls turn on Watanabe, with her quietly accepting the verbal assault until Toyama tells everyone the truth about her low-grade fever and how it's all for the cause of helping them meet their quota. These bits of drama amount to little of interest because the characters are so uniform and everything is brought up and forgotten in minutes. All of these girls are completely interchangeable because they have no real character or desire other than to help increase output for the cause.

The ending of the film is dominated by a single event where Watanabe, in her job as an inspector of the lenses after production, misplaced a lens she hadn't fully inspected. If she doesn't find it and it goes out, there could be Japanese lives at risk, so she spends all night looking, eventually finding it with little more than a pat on the back by management. They're happy she worked so hard and not mad at all for her for the mistake. It's all very sanitized.

And that really points to a problem with propaganda like this. None of the girls can have any question about the cause or being overworked or have problems with management. Problems have to be with people who aren't dedicated to the cause (a father figure far removed from the factory) while it can't be anyone in the factory because that could imply there are saboteurs in actual factories. Without any real antagonists, problems have to come from misunderstandings between like-minded individuals. It's just not that interesting.

The most interesting thing about the film is two-fold. The first is the look at a real optics factory in Imperial Japan. It's almost a pseudo-documentary about the manufacture of lenses in a certain way. The second is Kurosawa's eye. There are times when the film is quite nice to look at. They're fewer and further between than in Sanshiro Sugata, but they are there. There's a shot of the girls gathered round a pair of barrels that's quite striking, and there's a small moment where one of the girls goes outside in the middle of the night into the vegetable garden they keep with the moon featured prominently in very nice ways.

Otherwise, the movie is kind of a drag. There's no real drama. The characters are thin and interchangeable. This was a burgeoning artist working under a tight artistic regime that demanded a storytelling mode that wasn't really amenable to compelling cinema.

Ichiban utsukushiku (1944) 'THE MOST BEAUTIFUL' is Akira Kurosawa's tribute to Japanese Women who supported the war effort (WWII) at the 'Home-Front'. It is analogous to films made in other countries at that time. The nations that participated in the conflict all called upon Women too help in the manufacturing process. Some successfully like Great Britain, Soviet Russia and the U.S.A. Others like China, Fascist Italy or Nazi Germany less so, with Imperial Japan falling in between. Not from lack of effort, but of resources.

Like LETTERS FROM IWO JIMA (2006) the film shows the war from the Japanese perspective. This is a propaganda film. That does not invalidate its message compared with the other participants in the conflict, it is just another point of view, made in wartime. The Women work in a optical factory which could pass for a 'Dickensian Workhouse'. Their work is important and they know it. The pressure of increased productivity with limited resources is clearly shown. It effects them all emotionally, physically and psychologically. The Men of the factory for the most part are unseen drones, except for the managers of the plant. They take a sensitive interest in the well being of their Female staff, without taking advantage of them. The War is largely unseen, but you know it is out there and getting closer all the time. The Director could see the end was coming, even if the Imperial General Staff could not.

The principal cast of Women actors are largely unknowns whose careers were brief before and after this film. They are all convincing in their roles and give believable characterizations. The only 'Star' recognizable too Western audiences would be the great TAKASHI SHIMURA. SHIMURA was a 'jake of all trades' for the TOHO Studios, Japan. His acting range spanned Business Men, Criminals, Detectives, Samurai and Scientists. Films of note, SHICHININ NO SAMURAI (1954) 'The Seven Samurai', GOJIRA (1954) 'Godzilla', CHIKYU BOEIGUN (1957) 'The Mysterians' and YOJIMBO (1961) 'Yojimbo, The Bodyguard'.

Those who have TCM or a well stocked local Library can take advantage of the films of AKIRA KUROSAWA and they should.

Like SANSHIRO SUGATA PART 2, this film was never released in the U.S. for political reasons. There's not any blatantly anti-American content, as in SSP2, but THE MOST BEAUTIFUL, filmed by government request, was a pro-Imperialist propaganda document.

Kurosawa gamely attempts to weave together a story which functions both as propaganda and as a tender coming-of-age story, but isn't entirely successful. This would have been a demanding proposition even for a seasoned pro, let alone a young director like Kurosawa, directing only his second feature.

The story follows a group of young girls working in an armaments factory in the latter days of WWII. The girls must increase production sharply. The girls suffer hardships of all sorts. One, Tao, emerges as the leader of the group. Through the travails of helping her coworkers meet their quotas, Tao learns courage, fortitude and compassion.

If all this sounds a little boring, that's because it is. Kurosawa's visual signatures are seldom seen. At least the performances are good, especially Yoko Yaguchi as Tao. Takashi Shimura has a thankless, do-nothing role as the foreman of the factory.

Typical of Japanese war-time propaganda, the film suggests that Japan's fascist ideology, its inculcation of fanatical obedience, its vast perpetration of unthinkable atrocities in a systematic manner, and its aggressive military expansionism can all be replaced by Japan's supposed victimization. Rather telling in this respect is the song that the girls repeatedly sing to boost morale, a song that recalls that barbarian Mongol conquerors once tried to invade Japan from China, but that the perpetrators of such heinous deeds of aggression could not possibly co-exist under the same sky with the innocent and pure Japanese-- this, of course, is being sung during a war that was begun when an utterly unprovoked Japan invaded China and slaughtered untold numbers of its population mercilessly.

All of this would be something that one could simply shrug off as the past blindness of war, but films such as these are more disturbing today than, say, Triumph of the Will because while Germany was forced to confront the horrors it had unleashed upon the world, most Japanese films even today (and textbooks for that matter) still tend to view Japan as a victim in the war (see, for instance, Kurosawa's own Rhapsody in August so many decades later). Assisted by the policies of the American post-war occupation, Japan has never had to come to terms with what it did to the planet, and what in human history can possibly more disturbing than a lack of accountability for the worst sins humanity can commit? And by the way, I say all of this despite the fact that Kurosawa is probably my favorite director.

Most Beautiful, The (1944)

** (out of 4)

Interesting WW2 era film about a factory in Japan who asks their men to raise production by 100% and then ask the women to do 50%. At first the women are insulted by not being asked to do as much as the men but they soon find out that this raise in production is going to test every bit of their soul both physically and mentally. This early Kurosawa film isn't a good one but it is interesting and does have a few moments where the director does something great. What I found most interesting about the film is how different it is from the WW2 films that were being produced in Hollywood at the time. There's no question that this is a propaganda piece for the Japanese people but it's interesting to see how their moral was attempted at being raised. Most of the American WW2 pictures were "fight, fight, fight" and you can say that about this film but the difference is that the fight is mostly a personal drama with each of the women. Then being ashamed that they can't produce more for their country. Being ashamed that they are sick and can't do their part for a day. Ashamed that their parents might learn they were sick and couldn't do the job. The film does a pretty good job at building up these dramas but sadly none of their stories are strong enough to make the film be a total success. I think most of the blame has to go towards the screenplay that is a bit too over dramatic during certain scenes and there are some major issues with some of the performances. It's obvious Toho didn't give Kurosawa much of a budget but the director shows that he can handle the personal drama quite nicely. The most impressive sequence in the film happens early on when the women are told that production is going to be raised. This somewhat long sequence shows us many of the women talking amongst each other and Kurosawa builds up us thinking they're unhappy about the raise but the way he explains what they're really upset about was quite powerful. The film runs 85-minutes and even at this short pace the film begins to run out of gas and really drag along towards the end. Fans of Kurosawa will probably want to check this out but others will probably hit the stop button early on.