Adlai Stevenson(1900-1965)
- Actor
- Writer
Grandson and namesake of Grover Cleveland's second Vice President,
Adlai Ewing Stevenson was born in Los Angeles and raised in
Bloomington, Illinois. Following a childhood marred by his accidental
fatal shooting of an acquaintance in 1912, he attended the Choate
School, served briefly as an apprentice seaman in the U.S. Navy and
graduated from Princeton University in 1922. After failing law courses
at Harvard he graduated from Northwestern University Law School and was
admitted to the bar in 1926. During the 1930s Stevenson became active
in Illinois Democratic Party affairs and the Chicago Council on Foreign
Relations, and worked as a government lawyer during the early years of
the New Deal. In 1940-41 he chaired the Chicago branch of the Committee
to Defend America by Aiding the Allies. As principal attorney to the
Secretary of the Navy he went on World War II survey missions to the
Caribbean, South Pacific and Italy; in 1945 he served as adviser to the
U.S. delegation to the opening session of the UN. He returned to
Illinois in 1947 with ambitions of running for the U.S. Senate the
following year, but was instead chosen by leaders of the powerful Cook
County Democratic machine as their candidate for governor. After a
landslide victory over incumbent Gov. Dwight H. Green, Stevenson
compiled a moderately progressive record in office while undergoing the
private agony of the breakup of his 20-year marriage. As a fresh face
with few enemies in the national Democratic Party, he was nominated for
President in 1952 and campaigned with an eloquence, wit, urbanity and
grace that captivated many, including Hollywood luminaries as Lauren Bacall,
Humphrey Bogart, Mercedes McCambridge and Dore Schary. Although defeated by Dwight D. Eisenhower in both 1952
and 1956, Stevenson remained in the public eye through speeches, books
and articles as titular leader of the Democratic Party and keeper of
the liberal flame during the Eisenhower years. His refusal to rule
himself out of the running for a third nomination in 1960 permanently
damaged his relationship with John F. Kennedy. Following JFK's election,
Stevenson hoped to be appointed Secretary of State, but instead had to
swallow his disappointment and accept the post of Ambassador to the UN,
where he is perhaps best remembered for arraigning the Soviet UN envoy,
Valerian Zorin, in the "court of world opinion" during the 1962 Cuban
Missile Crisis. Exhausted by the stress of his job and feeling
increasingly cut off from the center of foreign policy decision-making,
Stevenson suffered a fatal heart attack on a street near the U.S.
Embassy in London.
