Ningen no jôken

The Japanese troops are defeated by the Soviets and Kaji (Tatsuya Nakadai) heads with three survivors to South Manchurian expecting to meet his wife. Along their crossing through the enemy line in the Manchurian land, other Japanese survivors join Kaji's group, but they need to fight against the Chinese militias and the Soviets.

When they reach a Japanese village with women and one old man, a militia arrives in the place and Kaji and his men surrender to the Soviet to spare the women. The POWs are sent to a labor work camp and Kaji sees no difference between the treatment of the Japanese fascists and the Soviet communists, in which principles Kaji believed. He decides to escape from the camp to meet his beloved Michiko again.

"The Human Condition – Parts V & VI" is the last sequel of the heartbreaking anti-war masterpiece by Masaki Kobayashi. The story is impressively realistic and magnificently shot with top-notch camera work, giving the sensation of a documentary. I have seen many powerful movies about war, such as "Der Untergang", "Taegukgi hwinalrimyeo", "La Battaglia di Algeri", "Paths of Glory" and "Apocalypse Now" among others. But "The Human Condition" is certainly the most scathing antiwar movie that I have seen and I did not feel the 574 minutes running time in a black-and-white movie spoken in Japanese, Mandarin and Russian with English subtitles.

It is impressive to see the treatment spent by the fascist Japanese soldiers for the rookies and how Kaji grows-up and learns how his idealistic concept of communism is shattered when he becomes a POW and swaps his initial position of supervisor to the one of prisoner. The hopeless conclusion fits perfectly to this masterpiece and shows that in times of war, people are far from the condition for being human to survive. My vote is ten.

Title (Brazil): Not Available

If you have any remote interest in film go see this right away. Don't bother watching if you are too scared to attempt the entire 10 hours in one sitting. It's worth it and then some. The actor playing Kaji was terrific and each part turns out better than the last (everything really, the acting/camera work... all the bells and whistles just sound better the further in you get). It definitely struck me as something Adolfas Mekas would totally dig, which says a lot. This is a must see. If you decide to bring the wife and kids (or husband and mother-in-law or what- have-you) just be warned: this movie involves a fair amount of human suffering, on and off the screen. -Ed Hellman.

The last film in Kobayashi's epic trilogy picks up with Kaji (Tatsuya Nakadai) and a couple of his buddies trying to make their way through war-torn Manchuria and back to what they consider home. Their unit has been wiped out and while they're not sure if Japan has formally surrendered, they're well aware the its defeat is imminent. They are in danger from the Soviets who control the region, as well as armed peasant militia groups. They come across scattered Japanese civilians and try to help them as best they can, but struggle because food is incredibly scarce, and tough, no-win choices have to be made. They also come across small Japanese military who are attempting to continue the fight, which they want no part of.

As in the other films, the emotions are heart-wrenching, and this is one of the more powerful anti-war films you'll find. The cinematography is fantastic, the production quality is high, and the pace of the storytelling moves along well enough that the 190-minute runtime didn't feel like a burden, or as overwhelming as it may appear. That in itself is an achievement, considering the somber subject of the film.

Notable points for me:

• The recognition of rape during wartime, and in a broader sense, how vulnerable people like the elderly or farmers are forced to endure great hardship - and this comes from both enemy and friendly forces. The image of the women dumped out of a moving truck after having been raped is brutal.

• The thoughts of some of the characters being revealed in interior monologues. Kaji is haunted by the people he's seen die, the trauma he's endured, and the enemy soldiers he's killed, which he likens to murder. The flashbacks to earlier images are powerful reminders that people can't just walk out of these experiences unchanged. We also get a glimpse into the minds of his comrades, with one man thinking it would have been better had he died an honorable death on the battlefield, and another fearing how it will look for him, a superior to Kaji, being led by him. Even under such duress, the ego and concern about hierarchy spoke volumes about the male mind.

• The irony of ending up in a Soviet work camp, forced to do hard labor with minimal food, bringing the story full circle to when the Japanese had Manchurians in a similar camp in part one. One nation is on top one moment, oppressing another, and then the tide turns. We see this also in the Soviets proudly listening to their national anthem in the work camp, clearly patriotic and with a giant image of Stalin behind the commander, similar to the nationalism in Japan before the war.

• Similarly, the discussion between soldiers that the Soviets will not stay in Manchuria, which will result in a civil war between Chiang Kai-Shek and the communist Chinese under Mao Zedung. There is an implication that war begets war, and the cycle never seems to end.

• The disillusionment in one's ideals - and I don't mean the Japanese soldiers becoming disillusioned over the 'divine' Emperor's militarism, since that was present from the beginning of the story (though a younger soldier does go through an arc in that regard). I mean Kaji's communist sympathies getting a reality check when he finds that his Soviet captors have a "smug and selfish" attitude about them, which his friend chalks up to them taking a "Soviet-first policy," in stark contrast to communism's ideal of the worldwide proletarian.

• The attempts at communicating with the Soviet officers reflect this disillusionment, and also show how things lost in translation prevent communication. Kaji is at the mercy of a bad translator, and can't express the simple needs of his men or his personal views. Ironically, he's labeled a fascist by the Soviets, which is completely at odds with his beliefs.

• Life is broken down into its most elemental form, the need to eat, and will to survive. We see people desperate from hunger from the beginning of this film all the way through to the end. Pushed to extreme conditions, people become selfish, and sadly, empathy is scarce. Kaji tries to navigate these waters as best he can, treating people with dignity and holding on to his ideals, but there are limits to everything. One of the Japanese soldiers has become a collaborator to the Soviets, overseeing the prisoners like a kapo would for the Nazis, and contributes to the death of one of his friends. Kaji shows him no mercy as he beats him to death with a chain, and while there is something cathartic about that moment, it's such a contrast to the man we saw at the beginning of the first film - and sad to me that I felt myself urging him on.

• The ending, my god. Kaji tries to run away from the senseless violence of the world, realizing ideologies turn into fuel for warfare and oppression, and wants simply to return to the only thing that makes any sense in life - love - which is something that struck me at my very heart. With surreal imagery, Kobayashi gives us an ending that is extraordinary and indelible. He wanted it to be. The only way to avoid the cycle of war from repeating is to learn from the past, and that's what his trilogy is about.

When people think of anti-war films titles such as Platoon, All Quiet on the Western Front and Schindler's List almost immediately come to mind; such films have defined the genre in American culture. However very few directors have provided the perspective from the axis point of view, and fewer still were able to do so in a way that humanizes all countries, not just the protagonist's. Masaki Kobayashi, who is most well known for his samurai pictures such as Seppuku and Samurai Rebellion is able to form such a film, without even a hint of pretentiousness.

The series of films spans nearly ten hours, following a pacifist named Kaji (Tatsuya Nakadai), as he struggles to keep his principles during war times. First as an overseer of a P.O.W. camp, then as a soldier. Due to the length of the film, the level of character development and acting quality, we end up feeling his frustration, pain and triumphs, as each occasion leaves room for both a triumph of the human spirit and subjugation of it. Kaji despises both warfare and violence of all kinds, yet tries to rationalize it for the good of those around him. We become so attached to him and his struggle, that we begin to feel similarly, and as a result we are left with one of the most moving chronicles of the loss that war becomes. I won't spoil anything, but any viewer will be floored by the end, it left me utterly breathless.

So overall I recommend it quite highly, its one of the few great anti-war statements that has aged VERY well in the modern day, and possibly Kobayashi's greatest work. Never slow, yet at the same time never glorifying the action, it is a film that I eagerly await to see re-released.

10/10.

Saw all parts in 4 days. A masterpiece of Art. Must see film. 🌲🌲🌲