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Often dismissed as a founder of Italian Neo-Realism whose career degenerated either at the start or the end of his much publicized relationship with Ingrid Bergman, Roberto Rossellini remains one of the most underrated directors in cinema history...

Exploring the links between fiction and documentary, observation and education, and the individual and society, he was an important figure in the development of the cinema...

Rossellini said of the film: 'In Paisá there were two worlds which came into contact, each with a different psychology and mental structure. From this contact was born a great confusion; so much so that in the end there were neither victors nor vanquished, there remained only the everyday heroism of the man who clings to life. And who lives, despite everything, whether he is one of the victors or one of the vanquished.'

Rossellini followed 'Rome Open City' with the equally impressive Paisá, whose six, often barely dramatic stories of part-comic, part tragic encounters between Italians, Germans and liberating Americans were rooted in specific locations (the Po Valley, the Uffizi Gallery), but were universal in their portrait of an entire nation destroyed and divided by war...

Already Rossellini's taste for long, mobile takes in long shot (rather than montage and close-up) gave evidence of his desire to relate individuals to the world around them...

In using a number of non-professional cast, and combining them with his improvisatory techniques, Rossellini get an universally acclaimed human document of rare quality and compassion...

Georges Sadoul wrote that Rossellini had 'damned the horrors that war had brought to his country and his heart cry was emotionally and enthusiastically understood around the entire world.'

It's six vignettes of the Allied invasion of Italy. There is humor, romance, poignancy, drama and most of all there is tragedy. Together the six stories stitch together a mosaic that is hopefully as enduring as one of the great artwork of history.

An American recon squad enters a Sicilian village. One of them comes from a Sicilian background. Local girl Carmela guides them past German mines taking shelter in an old ruin. Joe stays with Carmela as the rest of the squad explores and they are surprised by a small squad of Germans. Carmela Sazio is very stiff as an actress. She's an amateur and there's value in that. However her character has a lot of emoting to do and she has trouble doing it.

A group of street performing kids in Naples find drunken negro soldier Joe. Pasquale takes him around and they have an adventure. The poor kid steals from him. He turns out to be an MP and later he finds Pasquale. He is angry and drags Pasquale back home. The poverty of his home convinces Joe to leave him the boots. The kids are terrific and in this case, it's unlikely to get better actor than this amateur kid.

In a liberated Rome, American GI Fred spends the night with prostitute Francesca. He has been searching for a woman he met 6 months ago and she realizes that she's actually that woman. This is a great story but I'm not sure it's set up right. It would be great to see them 6 months earlier.

Half of Florence is liberated. All but one bridge has been blown and the partisans are struggling against the Germans. American nurse Harriet is desperate to get across to find her love. She is joined by Massimo looking for his family. The location shoot of them sneaking around an abandoned Florence is amazing.

A monastery escapes damage from the war and is visited by three American chaplains. Catholic Captain Bill Martin translates but the monks are shocked to find the other two are a Protestant and a Jew. The monks intent on converting the two disbelievers.

It's the closing stage of the war in Europe, American OSS and Italian partisans are struggling behind German lines in the Po delta. Supplies are dwindling and the fight is deadly. They rescue two downed British airmen. They are ambushed and captured. This is the most brutal of the stories and it ends the movie with its most brutal scenes.

Communication is fragile. A woman leads an Allied patrol through a mine field; she dies protecting a G.I., but the Yanks think she killed him. A street urchin steals shoes from a G.I. who tracks him to a shanty town. A G.I. meets a woman the day Rome is liberated; in six months they meet again: he's cynical, she's a prostitute. A US nurse braves the trip across the Arno into German fire in search of a partisan she loves. Three chaplains, including a Jew, call on a monastery north in the Apennines. Allied soldiers and partisans try to escape capture in the marshes of the Po.

Rossellini engaged six writers, each of whom was to write one episode: Klaus Mann, Marcello Pagliero, Sergio Amidei, Federico Fellini, Alfred Hayes, and Vasco Pratolini. Each episode took place in a different location. The script notwithstanding, Rossellini often improvised with the actors and rewrote the stories as they were being filmed. For the first episode filmed in Sicily, Rossellini discarded the script and coached the non-professional, illiterate lead actress Carmela Sazio to a performance that received critical praise.

I love the variety of views on World War II. What is especially interesting is how we start with the point of view of the Allies. For much of the war, Italy was not an Ally but was ruled by Mussolini, who gravitated towards Hitler. (Though Italy was the least "evil" of Germany, Japan and Italy.) So this film seemingly champions the recent enemy...

This movie is the masterpiece of Roberto Rossellini, more than Roma città aperta. I was eleven when this story happened, I saw the Nazi troop burn the little town where I lived, I saw my mother kneeling and begging a Nazi soldier not to kill us, and I saw the German saying You bastard italian, alles kaputt. All the stories of this movie are true, the little boy who is alone in Napoli, the Roman girl who loves the GI arrived and after became a bitch (is more difficult to win the peace than the war), the story in Florence, you think to be in August 44, the British officer who speakes of the poor jerries that destroys all the world around them, the execution of the fascist sniper, peoples running in the Gallery of Uffizi. But the most moving is the final episode,one can feel the fear, the smell of death, the courage of the partisans and of the O.S.S., Popsky army and San Marco men. Now, when many people has forgotten the horror of war, the cruelty of men, the courage of few, this picture should be projected as a memory of things that we don want to see anymore. My name is Bruno Signorelli, I am 67 and I have seen what means the war, especially the guerrilla war.

Now that I have seen all three films in Roberto Rossellini's 'post-war' trilogy (the others being the groundbreaking Open City and Germany Year-Zero), I think Paisa is the one that got to me the most. I knew when I saw clips of the film in Scorsese's My Voyage to Italy that it would have some level of promise, but I didn't know it could be this compelling. Divided up into six vignettes, Rossellini paints something of a historical document as much as a film- each one carries its own strengths (there may be a weakness here and there for some, though this may lend itself to the fact that the film has not been restored and is in dire need of new subtitles), and the documentary-type approach elevates characters and situations to the level of great tragedy. These may be fictionalized accounts, they may not be, but in telling these stories, getting them through to the audience at the time, they remain potent little notes in film history.

From vignette to vignette, the allied forces move their way upward from Sicily to northern Italy. Among them, I got struck by how frank the issues were being dealt with, and how levels of humanity and kindness crept their way in. For example, the story with the drunken black man who spends some time with a kid dealing in the black-market, this is an emotionally complex scene- a viewer won't know how it'll turn out in the first few minutes, but it unfolds precisely to the characters' natures. The story involving the soldiers spending time in the monastery was also powerfully simplistic in the way it dealt with the themes of faith and sacrifice (the later stems to the other vignettes). And there are numerous other moments and scenes that can stop you dead in your tracks- a young child that cries in one scene and a nurse braving enemy territory had my mouth open.

I realize not that many people in my generation will seek out this film- notably since it's not easy to find except on-line- and certain scenes may seem too 'mushy' for some. However, there is worth to seeking out a work such as Paisa- in a sense, this and Rossellini's other early films were like the first independent films to Italy's claim. There isn't any sign in any of his post-war pictures that he's catering to studios or working on big budgets. These are stories being told with little money, non-professionals, and they definitely last years later after all the rubble was cleared. Maybe most remarkable is the way Rossellini and his writers (one of them Fellini) let things happen, and not without consequence or without logic of some sort.

It's also a technically brilliant feature, with the cinematography by Otello Martelli creating shots as heart-rending as the performances. So, for those who hate dictated plots, sloppy clichés, and all the other disappointments found in 21st century movie-making & storytelling, this is a great place to dip your toes. If anything, it's surely thrilling as a war film.

'Paisan' was Roberto Rossellini's second film in his famous 'War Trilogy'. It comprises of 6 episodes showcasing random characters involved or living in wartime Italy, strung together to make up the whole film. These episodic vignettes on one hand are random and not closely related to each other, but one can find general themes that loosely bind them together.

A similarity that can be drawn with Rossellini's first film in the War Trilogy, i.e. 'Rome, Open City' and 'Paisan' is that both the films try to be as inclusive as possible. Both films feature different characters from various sections of Italian society. 'Paisan' features a number of interesting characters, but unlike 'Rome, Open City' which mixes these characters together and lets them interact in the same narrative, 'Paisan' uses multiple short disconnected scenarios featuring the characters without mixing them together. I also think 'Paisan' is perfect as the next chapter to 'Rome, Open City' due to the progression that we see in the way Rossellini uses foreigners and specifically Americans. In 'Rome, Open City', the Italian characters from time to time make remarks about their hopes of getting American assistance. There is always this hope beneath the struggle and misery that the Americans will arrive to rid them of their troubles. In 'Paisan', Americans are an integral part of the film and their interaction with the Italian natives is one of the most fascinating aspects of the film. The title of the film means 'friend' and friendship is exactly what the film advocates even if it involves breaking language and geographical barriers.

Rossellini uses newsreel footage and narration at the beginning of every episode to crank up the realism of the film. The first three of the episodes involve American and Italian characters having trouble communicating with each other due to the language barrier. The first episode shows a group of American soldiers walking into a Church and taking a young girl along with them to show them the way. Rossellini shows us his directorial skill in one beautiful scene where he uses one single extended take to stage a conversation between one of the American soldiers, Joe and the young Italian girl Carmela. Joe tries to break the ice with her by talking about him, his family, his home, his loneliness and the long take that Rossellini uses adds to the authenticity of the scene. But this sweet scene and the long take gets broken up by the reality of the war and what follows is heartbreaking.

The second episode is similar to the first in showing an American and an Italian kid having troubles in understanding each other's language. There is a beautiful and intimate scene where the American Joe in his drunken state talks to the young Italian kid while both are sitting on a pile of rubble. Joe in the end to some extent becomes the world's eyes looking into the sorry plight of the Italian masses and the finale to this episode is an eye opener for one and all.

The third episode is probably my favourite. Here the American soldier,Fred and the Italian prostitute,Francesca understand each other's language. This episode has a style of storytelling similar to an O. Henry short story. Both the characters are likable. There is a sad misunderstanding at play and Fred's inability to grasp the reality of the situation and the troubles of women like Francesca in wartime Italy is the basis of this episode. The ending to this episode is probably the most poignant and heartbreaking moment in the entire film.

The fourth episode shows us exactly why Gillo Pontecorvo was heavily influenced by 'Paisan'. This is a brilliantly directed segment with brilliant gritty shots of guerrilla warfare on the streets of Rome. This episode is probably the most energetic of all. The language barrier is virtually nonexistent.

The fifth episode is my least favourite. We go into a church and the Italian Catholic monks welcome 3 American soldiers. Certain aspects of the faiths followed by the soldiers become revealed and the priests struggle among themselves to decide what to do. The episode ends on an overly melodramatic and sentimental tone and I would've liked a more complex treatment of this tussle between prejudice and righteousness.

The sixth episode has a standard war film like look and vibe to it. The American soldiers and the Italian partisan fighters collaborate and they understand each other's language. Nothing special jumps out of this particular segment except the fact that this is a great tribute to all the partisan Italian fighters.

When it comes to Rossellini's direction and style of storytelling, there are moments of brilliance and mastery littered throughout the film. Some episodes are better than others which is bound to happen when a film is structured in an episodic manner. But I think, there are some weaknesses in the screenplay. There are moments where the film delves a little too deep into melodrama and sentimentality which was a bit jarring. Another big weakness was the acting. Some of the performances in the film especially from the people playing the Americans were cringeworthy. Apparently many of them were real soldiers who were still residing in Italy after the war, but I can't put that into consideration while judging the film especially when I have seen directors like De Sica, Satyajit Ray,etc. get great performances out of amateurs. The lines of dialogue written for the English speaking characters were also very subpar and not at all realistic.

I liked 'Paisan' much more than 'Rome, Open City'. I believe this film has more subtlety, more complexity and shows more maturity in Rossellini's direction. However it isn't a perfect film. Having mentioned the problems that I had with the film earlier, I'll still recommend it to everyone. This is a film which should be seen because of the way it influenced other filmmakers and because of its noble themes.

"Paisa", Roberto Rosselini's chronicles of the Allies' Italian campaign, is a movie like no movie I saw and like no one has ever seen when it came out in 1946. It is really one of a kind, a masterpiece that stood the test of time and it's no wonder Martin Scorsese put it at the top of his favorite movies.

The film is made of six episodes following not only a chronological but geographical story line. The first episode is set the very day the Allies landed in Sicily, their first one in the European continent, in that crucial summer 1943. Sicily marked the beginning of the end for Nazis but what a nightmarish, thrilling and inspirational journey before getting to that triumphant end.

Each episode of "Paisa" ('buddy' in Italian) is set in a specific city: Rome, Napoli or Florence, but it's less in the setting that in the variety of situations that the experience of war is so unique and groundbreaking. For instance, most war movies involve ordinary battles, bridges or railroads to blow, towns to free, prisoners to handle and so forth, but "Paisa" explores in a deeper way situations we generally take for granted. A film like "Patton" shows us the Allies entering in Sicily, but in "Paisa", we're confronted to the first patrols, meeting defiant villagers with the language gap playing a significant part. The most memorable relationship of this segment involves a GI named Joe, from New Jersey and local Carmela, a Sicilian girl who reluctantly guided his patrol to an unoccupied castle through a mine-free way.

The first shades of genius start to show through the communications struggles between two persons who couldn't have been more opposite, yet are united by similar desires: she wants to see her parents, he wants to go home, and when he finally finds a way to communicate, and just when you think we're about to have a love-at-first sight moment, something happens that shows you how war has never been much of a plot-maker, and one way leading to another, after five minutes, with the closing of the first chapter, we're haunted by the story's poignant irony, and we're looking forward to witness similarly humanistic tales. Naturally, they are not of the same emotional resonance, as there's no specific pattern guiding the stories, but all through the film, our hearts swing between contradictory emotions: warmth, humor, anger, sadness and shocks through the outburst of violence, reminding us there's a war, after all.

The second and third chapters are the first to feature non-life threatening situations, one deals with the unlikely relationship between Joe, an African-American soldier, and a little street scamp who reminded me of the 'Shoeshine" kids (actually, the story has something to do with shoes) but it's so unlike the first one that we're a bit puzzled before getting the emotional implications of its ending. The third chapter is interesting too in the way it takes place in the aftermath of liberated towns, and plays like an ironic twist on the typical images of pretty girls kissing their liberators. Indeed, the disillusion caused by war ends up affecting 'innocent' girls. Of course, when compared to killings or rapes, prostitution strikes as the lesser of two evils, but the story again, defies all the conventional implications of a love story, quickly sacrificed on the altar of war's inner sleaziness.

The following episodes are more in line with the usual war material, especially the fourth one featuring an American nurse and an Italian resistant running through Florence in the midst of a ferocious battle between Italian partisans, Nazis and their die-hard fascist allies, in a desperate quest to find their loved ones, her lover, a legendary resistant named 'Lupo' and his family. The ending echoes the Sicilian chapter. Finally, the last one is perhaps the grittiest and ugliest, but a necessity when you consider the anti-war statement the film makes: partisans, who are seen in previous chapters are mercilessly shot by the Germans on the basis that they are not covered by the Geneva conventions, their execution is not without protests, nor sanctions to these protests. The film questions the pretensions of civilization, how can civilization orders destruction, killings, how can it destroy human feelings such as life and love.

Which leads me to the most puzzling chapter, where three American chaplains are welcomed to stay in a Roman monastery. It's a place of peace and quietness and for a while, it seems that there is nothing but mutual respect and gratitude between the men, until the monks learn that two chaplains happen to be Jewish and protestant, lost souls as they say. Indeed, at a time where humanity lost its soul, literally, where war has proved to be the anti-thesis of civilization, the monks' reactions is simply perplexing. I don't think there was any anti-religious undertone to it (remember the heroic priest who prayed for an atheist Communist in "Rome, Open City") but more of a way to show how ironically lost, the men who never really got in touch with war, ended up being. This is one of the many ironies, the brilliant, multi-layered and Oscar-nominated screenplay is full of.

And this is to the credit of Roberto Rosselini and the six writers, including Fellini, who made these chapters, to have assembled these slices of Italian and American lives at a time where Italy was trying to restore some of its lost dignity. And a film like "Paisa" is a powerful homage to the souls that were either killed or destroyed by war. On a technical point, some images get a bit blurry, some actors are less professional than others, but it is so obvious that most of the film was shot like a documentary, that these flaws are small prices to pay for such a historical magnitude, this is as far as neo-realism could ever go.

I was expecting to love paisan as much as I loved Rome, open city, but it is worse in almost every way.

Paisan feels like a way to present a tonne of themes in a short period of time to make a statement rather than tell a good story. Roberto Rossellini's film Rome, open city came out one year before this one, has just as much to say, tells a good story and is technically stellar.

I don't disagree with any of the themes presented in paisan but I don't think they are presented well, they are presented through very on the nose dialogue, almost every time the theme is explored it is through a character just rambling about it for a couple of minutes. I also don't think a film can just rely on having lots of important themes, all of my favourite film explore themes, but they are presented more subtly, these films also have more about them than just the themes.

Paisan is technically so much worse than Rome, open city. I praised open city for having such good ADR for the time, the ADR is paisan is awful, some of the time the characters don't even move their mouths and they are talking, it feels like nobody cared enough to actually talk on set. It's not a technically bad movie though, the cinematography is brilliant and it captures the epic scale of the film very well and the editing is a big improvement from Rossellini's previous film.

My main issues with paisan are the writing and the characters. Like I mentioned earlier the dialogue is very on the nose, along with this it is often very boring to listen to. This is because the characters don't get given any development really, very little time is spent on one group of people so I didn't attach myself to anyone and ended up not caring what happened to anyone.

This is not a bad film by any means but it did not live up to my expectations, I was left feeling disappointed. Fingers crossed Germany year zero is better.

Having seen "The Bicycle Thieves" I was aware of Italian Neo-Realism as a film movement. The film is divided up into six sections with none of the stories crossing over to the other. I wished that the film was one cohesive story but I may have felt this way because of my previous viewing of "Bicycle Thieves." I have always liked the idea of Italian Neo-realism and its ability to capture stories in a realistic way. This is a really great example of an almost documentary style of filmmaking. The cities are real and so are the people. This makes the film more interesting to watch as it is in such a natural state. The characters in each story, particularly the sections that involve children were what moved me the most. Knowing that all of these stories most likely happened at some point makes this film very powerful to see. Even when I was reading previous reviews of the film, it was obvious that many people from other countries truly connected with this film because of how realistic it is. I am lucky enough to say I never experienced any of this turmoil but I can only imagine what kind of intensity the film would bring to my own life had I related to these characters. I would say this isn't my favorite representation of Italian Neo- realism but it is a great glimpse into the history of Italy as well as the history of cinema.

Just when you thought that the cinema form had lost its capacity to carry an important social message without the use of artsy-fartsy rethoric, there comes "Paisà"; a masterpiece for the ages. Rosselini is a name that must be spoken of in all schools and universities of the world. His ability (combined to a perfect script) to convey emotional meaning in film with the use of non-professional actors, natural locations, and still be able to make it VIBRANT and EXCITING... it´s uncanny. The power of the stories told in "Paisà", although very distant in time and geography (for me, anyways) compells any intelligent human being to stand up against every kind of dictatorship and violence. On top of all that, Rosselini doesn´t use cheap tricks to win the public´s heart through melodramatics. His films are very down-to-earth and often take a distance from their main characters, which helps our rational analysis of the situation without being blinded by passion. Like Brecht used to do, i think.

All six stories are my favorites, but I particularly like the monastery segment. It portrays religious prejudice by christian monks towards two priests, one jewish and another a lutheran, right in the middle of the war. To the absurdity of all, the monks come to the priests´ companion, a Christian, to make them realize "the true path". One more time, Rosselini doesn´t end the segment with lessons of moral; its ending is very ambiguous and ironic. "Paisà" is a gem; i like it better than "Roma, Città Aperta", also a masterpiece of neorealism.

This film was well done for what Rosselini had. Although I was never a fan of many of these films done with left-over soldiers and bad actors to show what real-life people were like, "Paisan" definitely shows the unity of people joined in a cause. Each episode of the American progress north through Italy the American/Italian relationship become a little more united. Until, finally, in the Po River Valley, the Americans and the Italians are almost indistinguishable from one another. It conveys a good message through a good medium.

The on-location shooting was a plus, too. For people who have been to Firenze, Napoli, Sicilia, Roma, or any of the locations in this film, it is a stunning sight to see places you know crawling with Nazis and Allies struggling. It endows the movie with a sense of realism that it needs badly. It needs this realism because the acting is horrendous. Of course, the unskilled acting was supposed to convey more realism, but I think it detracts in actuality.

If you are interested in history or Italy during the World War, see this film. It is a good representation of what life was like then, but beware that not everything could be represented ... so it is not all-inclusive. It is a long film, but anyone with an interest will enjoy it immensely, I think.

The episodic format was questionable but had benefits, such as being able to focus on narrow themes without shoehorning them together. Technically flawed but so was technology of the time. Resonates after the fact but hard to keep eyes open during.

Robert Rossellini series of short stories will have you at the edge of your seat. From romance to action, each story vividly portrays the Italian Neo-realist style. Paisan touches base on documentary, society and politics. I think that Rossellini did great job at hiring non- professional actors in order to incorporate them within the backdrop of the scenes. The storyline was also very detailed and made it seem like it was more of a documentary than an actual fictional film. The movie had me guessing at some points which kept me interested throughout the film. I noticed that Rossellini left room for us to fill in the story, letting us take on our own interpretation on things. For example, in each of the stories we don't really know much about the protagonist and I found myself creating their backgrounds in my mind. He did a wonderful job at inspiring emotion whether it be positive or negative. I have to admit that before I watched this film in class I was a bit skeptical. I definitely think that it portrays great characteristics of of neo- realism. One of the scenes that I thought was really interesting was when the baby is alone with no one to comfort or take care of him/her. It made me extremely sad but did a great job at illustrating the nature of war. He did a great job at illustrating Italy during World War II. I thought he provided several elements for us to choose from, giving us something to relate to and become emotionally attached to. Rossellini did a fantastic job at creating and directing a film that seemed extremely real. He blurred the lines between documentary and fiction beautifully. Now I see why he was very respected for his films.

Vignette films by definition are usually unsatisfying to me. "Paisan" doesn't completely buck that trend, but as these kinds of films go, it's one of the better ones I've seen. What makes it fascinating is that it was filmed on actual locations shortly after the war, so there's an authentic immediacy to it that is lacking from studio productions that try to recreate WWII on sets. This film is also a reminder that no matter how tough it was for America to weather the war, it was nothing compared to what people in Europe had to contend with.

All of the episodes are quite touching, and the last one is disturbing as well. After five plaintive, poetic stories, the last one is jarringly brutal and ends the film on a weirdly abrupt note.

I still prefer a film that tells one cohesive story, but this one is worth a watch both as an example of the type of international cinema being produced during the war and as a time capsule of what the war was like for people living with it in their backyards.

No fewer than five writers, Federico Fellini and Robert Rossellini among them, shared a Best Story and Screenplay nomination at the 1949 Academy Awards for their work on "Paisan."

Grade: A.