Mädchen in Uniform

Filmed in pre-National Socialist Germany when the economy was at a true low. The girls at this Catholic boarding school are slight, pale, hungry creatures -for food and comfort. Daughters of soldiers, they are taught discipline and deprivation, not luxury. The girls, however, have more personality and strength of character than those in the majority of movies produced nowadays. Manuela is a highly emotional 14 year old 'new girl' who has no mother. She, like the rest of her classmates, yearns for the attention of the fair and beautiful Fraulein von Burnberg. Ilse is the school trouble-maker, leader, and clown. Witty and outspoken, she repeatedly entertains the other girls, binding them together in secret comradery against their oppressive elders. At an after-play function Manuela is the only student who can tolerate the taste of the punch given to them as a reward. Her friends pass their cups on to her and she soon gets herself quite drunk. In a semi-conscious state she announces her feelings for the popular Fraulein von Burnberg to the entire school along with the infuriated Headmistress. These girls are not all lesbians, they are merely children starved of human contact and love. As a result they throw their hearts at the open mind and kind heart of Frau von Burnberg. I found it surprising and beautiful how loyal the girls were to each other. There is very little rivalry or conflict among the students, a vast contrast to the modern representation of teens. Even when Manuela embarrasses herself horribly in front of the school, her classmates stick by her without hesitation. That's cool.

Even though this film wasn't the most crowd-pleasing one I've seen lately, I think it's a rather important one. The openly lesbian themes of the movie are quite surprising, considering that the movie was made in 1931. The theme of sexual discovery in a girls' boarding school was quite revolutionary for film at the time. It was also an interesting critique of society, and was very anti-fascist. The Prussian principal represents the authoritarian, militaristic aspect of society, while the kind teacher represents a more maternal and loving part. The combination of lesbian themes with that kind character shows us that a more female-dominated society would be a positive change. The Prussian school shows that women are oppressed by patriarchal society into a militaristic machine, and the rebel teacher is a movement away from that. This film is an intriguing view of life right before Hitler. It provides a meaningful glimpse into the lesbian subculture of Berlin before the Nazis came to power.

Mädchen in Uniform This was a very bold film. It presents the controversies of lesbianism, teacher-student relationships, and antifascism in Germany in the 30's. The acting is of great quality. You don't need to know German to understand what's going on, even with out the subtitles. I find it interesting that feminine sexual powers are used throughout the film. The beloved teacher, Fräulein von Bernburg, uses her sexual powers to win the affection of the children, keeping them in check. During rehearsals for a play, one of the girls is told to use her feminine powers (to be more seductive) to play her part. Sex appeal is also mentioned in describing a movie star. The antifascism isn't blatant in the film, but in the opening scene, we see soldiers marching and then the schoolgirls marching, hinting at the hidden meaning. This film has a place in history and is worth seeing.

Although it would have been nice to see a well-restored and cleaned-up print of this, which was not the case, it still seems an exceptionally well made film for its era. The camera work was fluid and the sound was decent. It is a rich, provocative study with much to think about. While famously seen as a lesbian story, and that is part of it to be sure, it also concerns the rigid authoritarianism of its particular time and place, which soon led to so much sorrow and tragedy and sends out a strong feminist and tolerant message. The story is never boring and easily holds one's interest these many years later. It is strongly atmospheric and immerses one in the hothouse environs of the strictly disciplined, all-female world, where the girls develop close and intimate relationships and passionate crushes on their favorite teacher, Dorothea Wieck. She is fine here, and so is Hertha Thiele as Manuela, the primary focus of the story, but then the entire cast performs well, including Erika Mann, daughter of Thomas Mann and wife of W.H. Auden, as a bespectacled, tattle-tale instructor always running to the head of the school. The ending sent out a strong message and worked well, though you are left on your own to wonder how things resolved themselves as per the two lead characters. Well worthwhile to see if you can find it!

One of the more harrowing themes in cinema centers around school administrators doling out physical and psychological punishment to their students. The first talkie to vividly display such abuse is the German movie, November 1931's "Madchen in Uniform." Based on Christa Winsloe's 1930 play 'Yesterday and Today,' the movie follows a fourteen-year-old daughter, Manuela, (Hertha Thiele), of a military officer whose mother had died, making it necessary for the teenager to board at an all-girls private school. The tension-packed film is also one of the first in cinema to have an exclusive all-female cast.

The play-and the movie-was a personal story of playwright Winsloe, who found herself undergoing the harsh educational private school system in Germany. The character Manuela, a sensitive girl thrusted into a new environment, experiences the rough transformation of her friendly individuality forced to live in an uniformly unfriendly, cold environment. Winsloe personally witnessed the destructive results of such harsh treatment impacting with disastrous long-lasting effects on young women. The actress Hertha Thiele recalls years later that "The whole of Mädchen in Uniform was set in the Empress Augusta boarding school, where Winsloe was educated. Actually there really was a Manuela, who remained lame all of her life after she threw herself down the stairs. She came to the premiere of the film. I saw her from a distance, and at the time Winsloe told me 'The experience is one which I had to write from my heart.'"

Winsloe portrayed one of her teachers, Fraulein von Bernburg (Dorothy Wieck) in the movie, as the only adult in the school having compassion towards the students. The teacher's warmth around the students, treating them as humans instead of objects to be trained like seals, was totally against the school's rigid philosophy, set down by the institution's strict headmistress (Emilia Unda). When she hears of von Bernburg's benevolence towards Manuela, she's instructed never to speak to the student again. Manuela is devastated by the edict, and plans to commit suicide by jumping off the top of a multi-story atrium similar to what Winsloe had witnessed.

"Madchen in Uniform" has enjoyed a cult-like following decades after its release. Because of its topical subject matter of women's affections towards each other, the movie was almost banned in the United States in 1932 before Eleanor Roosevelt, then wife to the governor of New York State, Franklin Roosevelt just before he was elected President, persuaded the state's censor board to allow the movie to be shown. The film, produced shortly before the Nazi Party took control of Germany's government, was banned by the Nazis, who ordered every copy burned. By that time there were so many prints distributed in a number of countries that it has survived intact today.

Winsloe's play, translated as "Girls in Uniform," was her only published stage work. She relocated in the United States early in World War Two before moving to France, where, in 1944, she was accused of being a Nazi spy by four Frenchmen. She was shot along with her companion on June 10, 1944.