Coeur fidèle

In 1923 Jean Epstein had his greatest success with Coeur fidele, a cinematic expression of his theories. Shot on the Marseille waterfront, Coeur fidele features a "cast" of down-and-out characters, colorful cafés, and quays. The story is of a romantic triangle, however, utilized such innovative devices as non-sequential timelines and flashback sequences. Epstein strapped the camera to a merry-go-round at one point to provide images of increasing twirling and dizziness.

Coeur fidele is a contemporary romance whose poetry of the waterfront combines a sordid realism with a stunning visual lyricism- the film is early evidence of Jean Epstein's concern with exploring the expressive possibilities of the cinema. Instead of developing the story conventionally through dramatic confrontations... Epstein emphasizes simple patterns of rhetorical figuring and several ambiguous sequences of privileged subjectivity. In addition, Coeur fidele makes use of an astounding and memorable close-up of it's protagonists staring hauntingly through a window. Gina Manes face (as she looks out of the dirty bistro window)- in a stunning and beautiful image that seems to hover over the narrative itself- that floats over the water of the squalid, dismal harbor.

As previously mentioned, Coeur fidele is a love story in which Marie Epstein plays a minor but significant role as the crippled neighbor of the heroine. As the lovers are reunited (enabled by Marie's shooting of the villainous and drunken husband), the heroine's sick child remains in the dingy apartment as Mademoiselle Marice, dazed by her violently provoked action, cradles the infant on the wooden stairs. There are the last images of Marie, inter-cut with shots on the happy couple on the carnival ride that had been the scene of their separation.

The merry-go-round sequence in Coeur fidele has become an accepted "classic" of cinematic impressionism, as many viewers were (and are) greatly impressed by the striking sequence set on the merry-go-round, on which the heroine rides while in a state of extreme mental agitation. Epstein, inspired by Abel Gance's La Roue, experimented in this scene with the editing of very short bits of film in regular, rhythmic patterns. This section of rapid montage and camera movement has been called by Rene Clair "visual intoxication."

Paris, France in the early 1920s became a hotbed of the avant-garde and surreal movements, emphasizing the visual in painting, photography and especially in cinema. Mood, feelings, tones, and dreams could explain such an irrational world Europe had experienced during The Great War more than any rational thought, adherents to those movements felt. Two French impressionist films produced in 1923 related to the Paris art scene created a long-lasting impact in cinema.

It's a rarity movie critics have such an influence on the future of cinema while applying their theories to actual motion picture making. Polish-born/French resident Jean Epstein was part of that rare breed of observers and innovators in film. The writer composed several highly-influential articles focused primarily on the visual forms in cinema. Epstein expanded the idea of 'photogenie,' a term used as early as 1874 to define photography that contained more art than just simple portraits or landscapes. By inserting an aesthetic priority into movies, Epstein articulated the separation between the auteur and the more straight-forward fillmmakers' in the metteurs-en-scene camp.

Epstein knew the practice of filming stage plays in their entirety and presenting them on the big screen was not taking advantage of what cinema had to offer. He frowned upon the heavily-laden, overly-complex plots the film industry was producing; he favored the more visual, simple narratives. Camera placements where movement takes place, especially positioned in areas such as he did on a merry-go-round, plays a part in photogenie. He especially emphasized the close-up as an integral element in his philosophy. He claimed there is none greater movement than framing a close-up of the movie's characters where faces can express their inner emotions and souls. No finer example of Epstein's point is the finale of Segio Leone's 1966 'The Good, the Bad and the Ugly,' where the three combatants in a circle are seen in extreme closeups before shooting.

Epstein's numerous articles were eagerly read by filmmakers home and abroad. 'The Senses,' 'Magnification,' 'On Certain Characteristics of Photogenie' among others helped define the uniqueness of cinema and its artistic merits. He was especially impressed by Abel Gance's 1922 'La Roue' with its rhythmic montage of quick cuts following the opening train crash. Epstein's explanation on the varying short edits anticipated Soviet Union's Sergei Eisenstein's work on montage editing.

Epstein was unusual in that he possessed the ability to not only express deep intellectual treatises on cinema's uniqueness, but was able to display his theories on screen. His November 1923's "The Faithful Heart"-"Coeur fidele" in French-illustrates the critic's written statements on film. He claimed he and his sister drew up its simple plot in one night. Their narrative served the purposes Epstein had in mind, where "a melodrama so stripped of all the conventions ordinarily attached to the genre, so sober, so simple, that it might approach the nobility and excellence of tragedy." The story deals with an orphan adopted by a bar-owner and is an object of love by a lazy thug. Counterbalancing the undesirable Petit Paul is a hard-working dockworker, Jean, whom Marie, the orphan, loves. Through a series of fights, Petit Paul and Jean vie for Marie, who is swept by the tide of one, then by the other. Epstein's realistic display of the gritty Marseille France docks and the sordid surroundings of the trio's were inspirational to future French directors such as Jean Vigo and Marcel Carne.

"Coeur Fidèle" is a very simple story:Marie 's in love with Jean,but she is forced to marry Petit Paul,who,in spite of his name ,is an alcoholic brute.

Epstein's script was probably inspired by the novelists from the nineteenth century,probably Victor Hugo and Emile Zola.Marie is nobody's child:she was brought up by a shrew and her husband who never showed some affection to her:she is akin to Cosette or Fantine in "les Miserables ".Petit Paul seems to come from Zola's "L'Assommoir" the seventh volume in the Rougon-Macquart saga.

Marie and Jean are unfortunate lovers ;Jean is a good man,in the noblest

sense of the word .Epstein's closest relative in the cinema field is Frank Borzage in "Coeur Fidele",with whom he shares the same fascination for the fair and the merry-go-rounds (see "little man what now?") Like Abel Gance ,Epstein was a pioneer: the scene on the fairground has a sense of madness which makes the viewer dizzy ;it predates Hitchcock's experimentations in "Strangers on a train" by thirty years.For that scene alone,the movie would be essential viewing;with the addition of another extraordinary scene when the crippled girl,whose crutch has been crushed by a car crawls all along the way to save her friends,it becomes a major twenties French classic.

And here we are once again: whether or not other creators may have truly been first, we see in this 1923 feature an unmistakable artistry in the storytelling, and sharp film-making techniques, that seem novel and possibly advanced for the movie industry at this time. Discrete framing, pointed use of light and shadow, close-ups, multiple images laid over top of one another, employing curt cuts and sequencing to accentuate and foster tension - we get all this, and even instances of camera movement, and camera angles distinct from the plane of action. Whether or not other creators may have truly been first, it's altogether wonderful to see all this in Jean Epstein's 'Coeur fidèle,' elevating what is already a compelling story of a kind, hard-working man, a brute, and the woman who is desperate for a life of her own choosing. This film is marked by marvelous intelligence, skill, and care from the very start, and while it may not do anything to change the minds of those who have difficulty with the silent era, viewers who are receptive to early cinema will find much to love here.

The cast give fabulously adept performances capturing the strong emotions of the tableau, and ably passing on the same airs to the audience. Edmond Van Daële is unexpectedly unsettling as antagonistic Petit Paul, while the conflicting feelings of love, sadness, and determination weighing on Jean are given vivid life by Léon Mathot. I dare say Gina Manès rather outshines the both of them, inhabiting beleaguered Marie with a haunted expression and comportment that tugs fiercely on one's heartstrings. Not to count out any other part of these 87 minutes, but it's hard not to be especially impressed with the carnival sequence in the first half. I say this in part recognizing the power of the acting, but especially in light of the exquisite editing that helps this to be an a tremendous example early in the medium's history of scenes of merriment utilized to spotlight and indeed amplify a predominant dark mood. It can't be overstated what brilliance this scene demonstrates, which naturally reflects superbly on Epstein - and even at that, no part of the whole is truly any lesser.

The tale is just as engrossing in the second half as it turns even more dour, and the strength of every contribution remains just as vibrant. I can only repeat that the cast is great; as both director, and co-writing with his wife Marie (also capably co-starring in a smaller but pivotal supporting role), Epstein orchestrates shots and scenes - ever taking utmost advantage of those techniques noted above - that ensures every ponderous beat of the drama lands with all the force and impact that it can and should. Meanwhile, even the hair, makeup, and costume design lend considerably to the severity of the atmosphere, let alone the production design, art direction, and filming locations. Illustrating such round excellence, a moment in which Jean simply climbs a flight of stairs shows a level of care, ingenuity, and expertise that's plainly gratifying (as if anything herein did not provide ample like illustration). From top to bottom 'Coeur fidèle' is rather terrifically well made, and extra smart about every choice in its craftsmanship. Not least considering how magnificently well the title has been preserved in the past 100 years, frankly what ultimately comes across is that this matches or surpasses many of its contemporaries in every capacity, with outstanding detail in every way.

Before I sat to watch I surely expected that I'd enjoy this; I love silent movies. Still I'm downright enchanted with how stupendous it all is. Exceptional writing, direction, editing, camerawork, and acting, and all the fine work of those behind the scenes, result in an immensely absorbing drama that is much more than what it seems from the outside looking in. Every constituent element in and of itself makes this 1923 feature worth watching; taken all together, the sum total is exemplary. I can understand why early cinema doesn't appeal to all viewers, and I'd have said the same of myself at one time. 'Coeur fidèle' boasts a striking vitality, however, that far outshines whatever issues one might perceive with the standards of the time. Truthfully, it's even better than I could have hoped; from the unassuming beginning through to the suspenseful climax and a balanced, surprisingly thoughtful ending, I'm quite of the mind that this is outright masterful for its exhibition of film-making and story-telling prowess. It might take a bit of work to find this to watch, but if you're a fan of the silent era, this is more than worth the effort.

This is a masterpiece, I repeat, this is a masterpiece!! I was studying for my cinema exam and this one right away caught me. It's clear that the aesthetic aspect and camera work (and the editing) are the centre of it all but the plot and its structure must not come second. It's a genre that has as its main goal the subtle representation of the characters' psyche, more than the plot itself. The performances were absolutely amazing, especially by the protagonist in the role of Marie. Even though it was not the goal all I see is a powerful strong feminine character that even though she doesn't go through a proper arc I could feel on my skin what she was feeling and thinking all the time, also thanks to her subtle and intense performance. If this film came out today I'd probably give her all the awards on this Earth. I loved it so much.