Biographie

When Custer's Seventh Calvary galloped into the sleeping Indian village at Washita with orders to spare no one, he was not targeting Chief Black Kettle. He had no idea who he was attacking.

When Custer found out that he was attacking the tribe of Chief Black Kettle, the tribe that was attacked four years earlier at the Sand Creek Massacre in southeast Colorado on November 29, 1864, where about 400 people were slaughtered, he ordered his solders to stop killing the women and children.

Chief Black Kettle was known as a man of peace. He signed the Medicine Lodge Peace Treaty with the U.S. Government for "perpetual peace". On the dreadful morning of his death, his tribe feared nothing and had posted no guards. A white flag of peace flew above his teepee as instructed by the U.S.

The soldiers looting after the massacre came across U.S. Army pots and pans, gifts from the peace treaty and evidence that the tribe was peaceful. Nonetheless, Custer ordered that each and every one of the 800 Indian spotted ponies be shot to impose "a severe blow to the tribe", as Custer would later write. The remains of the horses littered the site for decades.

An artist of Naive American regalia and paintings.

Before you throw that first punch, know that it's not going to end the way you think.

Remember to start every morning with prayer as soon as you wake.

God put women on earth to be the essence of life. Cherish them daily and forever.

You cannot be ruled from below if you are to be great. You must be ruled from above.

Kids never leave home.