The Fighting Lady

"Fighting Lady" remains, along with William Wyler's "Memphis Belle" and John Huston's "Battle of San Pietro", one of the finest documentaries produced during World War II. Although released by 20th Century Fox with a Hollywood soundtrack and narration by movie star Robert Taylor, the film itself includes no actors, special effects or "CGI". All the footage was filmed as it happened by Navy personnel, often under very dangerous circumstances.

I've always had a soft spot for this film because my father was among the U.S. Navy cameramen who filmed it. Of course his name doesn't appear anywhere in the credits because, like most of them, he was merely an enlisted man, and only the officers' names were ever mentioned. He took that famous shot of that Japanese torpedo bomber flying right overhead and then crashing into the sea; as well as the one of the crewman in the asbestos fire-suit fleeing the runaway Hellcat fighter, which then crashes into the superstructure right in front of the camera. (There were no telephoto lenses in those days, the cameramen really DID get that close to the action!) Doubling as rear gunner, he flew in the planes that raided Marcus and Truk, as well as during the Battle of the Philippine Sea, and he took the pictures of the Kawanishi "Emily" flying boat being shot down into the sea. His was not the safest job in the Navy.

Considering the state of the equipment available, the quality of the film is outstanding. Color film was rare in those days, and the type available was so "slow" that it could only be used under conditions of bright light. There were no such things as cameras with automatic exposure control, so the cameramen had to judge the exposure setting and hope they got it right, often under combat conditions. Standard 35mm movie cameras were far to bulky, so all footage was taken with smaller 16mm movie cameras. 16mm film frames are 1/4 the size of 35mm film frames, so the resulting images had to be enlarged four times before they could be projected in the standard movie format of the day. That is the reason why the images often appear to be slightly fuzzy, an effect that Steven Spielberg spent a million dollars to replicate in "Saving Private Ryan".

There were no such things as "camcorders", and the movie cameras had no provision for recording sound. Consequently, all sound effects had to be added later, at the studio in Hollywood. Some time after he worked on "Fighting Lady", the Navy issued my father a "wire recorder" similar to the type featured in the movie, "The Two Jakes". The idea was that he would carry it with him into combat and use it to record the actual sounds of the battle while he was filming it. The recorder weighed 60 pounds and was powered by a wet cell battery, similar to the type used on motorcycles. My father had never seen anything like it and was very impressed with the technology. Unfortunately, the first place he had an opportunity to try it out was during the amphibious invasion of an island called Iwo Jima. He threw the bulky thing away as soon as he hit the beach!

"Fighting Lady" was very well received when it was released. One little-known aftereffect of that was that Admiral Lockwood, the commander of the submarines in the Pacific, requested that Edward Steichen's camera unit make a similar movie on one of his submarines. My father volunteered to accompany a submarine (the USS Spot) on a combat patrol in order to determine whether the project was feasible. It turned out that it wasn't. Conditions inside the submarine were too close and dark to film in color, and it was not possible to use additional lighting because they might blind crew members at a critical moment. In addition the submarine had to be ready to submerge at any moment, so no unnecessary personnel (meaning my father) were permitted on deck. It was a very eventful patrol, in which two enemy ships were sunk and the sub herself nearly lost. However, my father ended up with little to show for it, apart from a back injury that continued to plague him for the rest of his life.

After a very eventful war my father was invalided home from Okinawa, where he was currently serving with the 77th Infantry Division, having been wounded for the second time in the course of that campaign alone. Although he left the Navy a mere Second Class Petty Officer, his decorations included the Silver Star, the Distinguished Flying Cross, two Purple Hearts, two Presidential Unit Citations, the Submarine Combat Pin and the Asiatic-Pacific campaign medal with 12 campaign stars.

He sometimes used to comment about how often those old films would be shown, of Kamikazes crashing headlong into ships or Marines landing on Pacific beach heads, in documentaries or as stock footage in movies, and yet it seldom occurred to the viewers to wonder about the men who photographed them.

First saw this when I was 9 years old. All I remember is the color film in the gun cameras and all the action. Sad to see that the movie isn't even listed in most data bases (thanks IMDb)!

Does anyone know how to locate a copy of this film?

I must have been 9 or 10 years old when i saw this movie in my hometown of Simcoe, Ontario, Canada and remember being impressed with the brilliant colors of the ocean and sky. At that time as a kid living on a farm I had never seen an aircraft carrier and recall being amazed at the size of this ship. This past summer, without realizing it until I boarded the ship, I toured the actual carrier featured in this movie. It was decommissioned in 1983 and is now docked at Charleston S.C. It was here that I really discovered its immense size and climbed from deck to deck realizing the dedication of the officers and men must have had to keep this floating city operational. I seem to recall the high action and fast timing of this film. How I would love to see this wonderful movie again after all these years. Where can it be obtained?

"The Fighting Lady" is a documentary about an Essex class aircraft carrier during its tour in 1943-1944. The film is narrated by Robert Taylor--who was a lieutenant in the Naval Air Corps. Interestingly, there was a French version and it was narrated by Charles Boyer. It won the Oscar for Best Documentary. The ship was apparently the USS Yorktown--but not the original one (it was lost as a result of damage sustained at the Battle of Midway in 1942).

As you watch the film, you will no doubt notice that the print is in terrible condition, as the print is a bit blurry and the color is very faded. Perhaps it's made worse because originally it was shot on 16mm film stock.

The film is particularly interesting for historians, navy and aircraft buffs and perhaps for folks who lived through the war. Otherwise, I doubt if the average person would enjoy the film very much or rent it or buy it in the first place. It isn't that it's poorly made--it's that it's just very dated and the narration a bit dry. But, if you can look past this, it is a very good film from start to finish.

By the way, there were only two films nominated in this category for 1945--this one and "Resisting Enemy Interrogation"! Both are quite interesting and well made--and interesting peeks into the Americans in WWII.

Aircraft carriers played a crucial role in the Pacific Campaign during World War Two in the United States Navy's fight against the Japanese. The portrayal of one carrier, the USS Yorktown, in December 1944's "The Fighting Lady," won the Academy Awards' Best Documentary Feature.

Edward Steichen, a giant in photography, directed "The Fighting Lady," with his spellbinding visuals dominating this one hour documentary. Steichen artistically captured in Technicolor both the daily life of a floating city within the carrier as well as unique naval war footage of the aerial and sea battles taking place. As head of the Naval Aviation Photographic Unit, Steichen, a World War One veteran and called "the greatest photographer that ever lived," hand-picked his cameramen to capture the action on the USS Yorktown. Much of the clips from "The Fighting Lady" are used in a number of WW2 documentaries about the Pacific front.

Although "The Fighting Lady" concentrated on the daily life of its personnel, the documentary captured fighting in three battlefronts in the Pacific. Not to be confused with the earlier carrier USS Yorktown, which sank in June 1942 after the Battle of Midway, the newer version passed through the Panama Canal after leaving its home port in Norfolk, Virginia, arriving at the Marcus Island in 1943, then Kwajalein Island in early 1944, and finally near the Philippines. It was during the Battle of the Philippine Sea the carrier's aviators participated in the 'Great Marianas Turkey Shoot.' The American fighter pilots were far more experienced than their Japanese counterparts, as well as flying more advanced planes. The battle footage is breathtaking because Steichen had modified Technicolor 16mm 'gun' cameras mounted on the wings of the American fighter planes, placing viewers in the front seat of all the action.

Robert Taylor, enlisting in the United States Naval Air Corps as a flight instructor, narrated "The Fighting Lady." One poignant sequence towards the end of the documentary shows a number of servicemen's body bags draped in the American flag buried at sea. Pilot Lt. Elisha 'Smokey' Stover is portrayed recovering from his wounds and returning to his fighter squadron. He was shot down in the Battle of Truk, landing in the ocean. Stover was captured in his rubber dinghy as the wind carried him to the Japanese-occupied island of Truk. After he and six other captured pilots were beaten and tortured, they were led onto the beach after the Americans abandoned its objective, beheaded by sword and thrown into the sea.

The USS Yorktown continued its service in the Navy through the Korean and Vietnam Wars, and was used in 1970's WW2 movie "Tora! Tora! Tora!" Decommissioned in 1970, the carrier was brought to Mount Pleasant, outside of Charleston, South Carolina, and is open to the public as a museum ship.