The Farmer Takes a Wife

THE FARMER TAKES A WIFE (Fox, 1935), directed by Victor Fleming, stars Janet Gaynor in one of her finer film roles of her latter-day career at her home studio. Often teamed opposite Charles Farrell in as many as twelve feature films that began in 1927, the role of the farmer didn't go to Farrell this time, now that Farrell's career has already past its prime, but to a newcomer to the motion picture screen by the name of Henry Fonda (1905-1982). An appropriate choice considering it was Fonda who starred in the original stage production in 1934, a role that earned him recognition, enough to be selected the lead for his movie debut. As much as Fonda didn't receive any special screen introduction in the opening credits, a common practice that would occur in later years, at least he did have his name placed below his leading lady and above the title, which is an honor in itself.

The setting takes place in New York State around the year 1850, where the Erie Canal is the most important means of transportation route through the area. Yet there is new means of progress that's to change all this, and that's the railroad rumored to become its rival force. Molly Larkin (Janet Gaynor), an Irish-spirited girl who comes from a long line of fighters, works as a cook on the boat "Emma" for Jotham Klore (Charles Bickford), known to many as both "the bully of the canal" and roughneck who's never lost a fight in his life. Entering the scene is Dan Harrow (Henry Fonda) who arrives in time to stop a fight between two men on the street, much to the dismay of Molly. Eventually Molly becomes acquainted with the quaint but soft-spoken Dan, who's come looking for work on the canal in order to earn enough money to buy a farm. He is soon hired as a driver boy of the "Starsey Sal" boat for Samson Weaver (Roger Imhof). After Klore becomes drunk and unruly towards Molly, she quits his employ and goes to work on Weaver's boat. Now sober, Klore learns about Molly leaving him, thus becoming violent enough to go after Dan. Before carrying on his threat, Klore is taken to jail for where he spends three months to think things over. After Weaver wins a $5,000 lottery, he makes Dan captain, offering him half interest on the boat, which would help him earn enough money to buy a farm within the year. Because of his good fortune, Dan, who thinks of nothing but Molly, proposes marriage to her. Her reply is that she will marry him in due time on the promise she not talk about the canal while he not talk about farming for an entire year. As the year passes, Dan goes against her wishes by buying a farm from Mr. Butterworth (Frederick Burton). While this upsets Molly, nothing can further get her Irish blood boiling when she comes to believe Dan is a coward for leaving for his farm rather than fight with Klore, who's come looking for him to settle a score.

Other members of the cast include: Andy Devine (Elmer Otway); Sig Rumann (The Blacksmith); Margaret Hamilton (Lucy Gurget); and John Qualen (Sol Tinker). Slim Summerville, then a new resident of Fox Films from Universal, offers some comedy relief as Fortune Friendly, a dentist, who, in his opening sequence with the apple on a stick eating Della (Jane Withers), explaining through the map of the process of the railroad, allowing himself to pull the wrong tooth from Ivy (Kitty Kelly), one of his first patients (or victims). There's even one moment of amusement where he's seen examining the teeth of a horse. Summerville comes in and out of the story with some more comedy relief, even to the point of getting Dan to break away from his farm to fight for Molly's honor.

Leisurely paced and traditional Fox Films production of early America with songs and background music as "Oh, Susannah" and "I've Been Working on the Railroad" to reflect the spirit of the times. Because Fonda has worked his way to a long range of motion pictures that ended shortly before his death in 1982, earning a Best Actor Academy Award for his final motion picture of ON GOLDEN POND (1981) indicates how such a performer had the rare distinction of starring in both his first and last movie in the span of 45 years. Even if Fonda made this this his one and only movie, somehow there would be something about his presence that would continue to stand out, even today. With Gaynor and Fonda being a good combination, this was to be the only time they worked together.

Remade as a Technicolor musical by 20th Century-Fox (1953) starring Betty Grable and Dale Robertson, the remake was fine but didn't seem to have the lasting appeal as the 1935 original. Regardless of its then success, the original THE FARMER TAKES A WIFE, never distributed to video cassette during the home video era of the 1980s and 90s, has become one of those rarely seen products, at least not until cable television resurrected it briefly in 1983 on Cinemax, and decades later on Turner Classic Movies (TCM premiere: August 1, 2009).

This is where the legend of Henry Fonda begins. It's also a look back into the near forgotten career of both Janet Gaynor back in the days before the old Fox studio converted to 20th Century-Fox the year of its release. (***)

In 1853 upstate New York, sweet 'n' bossy Janet Gaynor (as Molly Larkins) admires boatmen laboring along the Erie Canal, but frowns upon railroad-loving farmers like handsome Henry Fonda (as Dan Harrow), who only wants to work on the canal until he can buy a farm. Despite their differences, Mr. Fonda and Ms. Gaynor are obviously smitten with each other. Fonda wants Gaynor to cook for him, rather than boozy boating rival Charles Bickford (as Jotham Klore). But, Gaynor wants Fonda show he can be strong 'n' rough.

The crew at Fox created Award-worthy sets and locations for this film, which photographer Ernest Palmer and director Victor Fleming display beautifully. More about gender roles than farm and boatmen, the story is very silly. Yet, Gaynor elevates it by using cooking as a metaphor for sex. She and Fonda, reprising his stage success as a debut film appearance, are a radiant couple. And, the supporting cast is excellent. Watch out for veteran actor Robert Warwick (as Junius Brutus Booth) and his politically-interested young son.

******* The Farmer Takes a Wife (8/2/35) Victor Fleming ~ Janet Gaynor, Henry Fonda, Charles Bickford, Slim Summerville

Bucolic and slow-moving in the '30s Fox tradition, this comedy-drama from a mild Broadway hit preserves what was probably best about it--Henry Fonda, in his film debut--and adds some beautiful photography that may be back-lot but sure looks like the real Erie Canal in the 1850s, complete with morning haze, small-town unpaved streets, and modest canal skiffs. Not a lot happens as would-be farmer Fonda romances a proud Canal gal (Janet Gaynor, feistier and less goody-goody than usual), but it gets by on mood and a gallery of vivid supporting roles, ably handled by Charles Bickford, Slim Summerville, Andy Devine, Margaret Hamilton, and the appealingly un-cute child actress Jane Withers. Victor Fleming brought a lot of feeling to this, and Alfred Newman's scoring, for a change, isn't overemphatic. It's a lazy, outdoorsy movie that builds nicely to an unsurprising, satisfying conclusion.

In 1934, a new actor named Henry Fonda was receiving glowing reviews on Broadway for his performance in the play The Farmer Takes a Wife. Based on the 1929 novel Rome Haul by Walter D. Edmunds, Farmer was the tale of love and conflict along the Eerie Canal during the mid 19th century. Fonda, under contract to Walter Wanger, was called to Hollywood to reprise his role when Fox Film Corp. decided not to use Gary Cooper or Joel McCrea in the role of farmer Dan Harrow for their upcoming film version. Fonda's engaging naturalism and classically humble style in the film version would pave the way for his quick meteoric rise as the great "All-American" star. Declared the top box-office attraction in 1934, Janet Gaynor was wisely as the female lead. The Character Molly Larkins would allow Gaynor to stray a bit from her diminutively wholesome reputation into a meatier role with forthright spunkiness. Character actress Margaret Hamilton reprised her Broadway role as the character Lucy Gurget.

The film's Producer, Winfield Sheehan, had a very successful career producing and supervising such Fox hits as CALVALCADE, STATE FAIR, and CHANGE OF HEART. In 1935 alone, Sheehan would produce a total of five films for Fox. Before the shooting date arrived, the crew completed the one set that was to be used on the film with fastidious period detail. Sheehan would repeat this technique the same year with WAY DOWN EAST, also with Fonda.

Although he never received the great successes or recognition of other directors, Victor Fleming consistently and successfully delivered solid, well-crafted films. His work on FARMER and throughout the 1930's reflected his professionalism and ability to get sensible and honest performances from his actors. He would finish the decade overseeing two of the most memorable motion pictures in Hollywood history, GONE WITH THE WIND and THE WIZARD OF OZ.

What a delightful period comedy and romance is "The Farmer Takes a Wife." As others have noted, this was Henry Fonda's first film role. He got the male lead in his first film on the strength of having starred in the role in the Broadway play, and after the first two choices were unavailable. It was all uphill after that for Fonda. He makes a nice showing here, and even as a 30-year-old, he has the look of an older youth. But, most film fans will remember Fonda as the more mature looking man of early to late middle-age in which he played his most memorable roles in the 1940s through 1960s.

Yet, make no mistake about it, this is a mostly Janet Gaynor film all the way. The successful star of the late silent film era had transitioned well into sound pictures. She was the leading actress for Fox in the 1930s, and helped that studio compete favorably with the pioneering sound studio of Warner Brothers. In 1929, Gaynor won the first best actress Oscar of the Academy Awards, and she remains the only performer to have ever won an Oscar for multiple films and roles. That first year of the Oscars, performers were nominated for their body of work - their most recent films, rather than a single film, as would be the case from then on. And, her films by Fox were the only ones from among more than 20 pictures by Warner Brothers that dominated the 1927 sound pictures. It should be noted that Warner's "The Jazz Singer" of that year was the first truly "talkie" film - and the only one of that year, with part of it actually filmed in sound. The bulk of the early sound films, before the end of 1928 were recorded silent films that then had sound recordings made and transposed onto the film.

The three Janet Gaynor films of her 1929 Oscar were all dramas and highly successful and recognized films. Two were from 1927 and one from 1928. "7th Heaven" was released as a silent and then re-released with sound added. "Sunrise" of Nov. 4, was a silent film with a music and special effects sound track. Finally, "Street Angel" of April 9, 1928, had a full sound track transposed onto the film.

This film, and others of the sound era, gave the very talented Gaynor the opportunity to show her great versatility with language. Her Molly Larkins is superb in this story about mid-19th century life in, on and around New York's Erie Canal. The whole story revolves around Molly and her character's persona makes it a delightful film.

Besides the leads, some other well-known actors have very good parts in this film. Charles Bickford plays Jotham Klore who had been the meanest and toughest boat operator on the canal. Andy Devine plays Elmer Otway, Slim Summerville is Fortune Friendly, Margaret Hamilton (the Wicked Witch of "The Wizard of Oz") is Lucy Gurget, John Qualen is Sol Tinker and Sig Ruman is the Blacksmith. I was amused to see Ruman's early film billing as Siegfried Rumann.

The movie was filmed in and around the Sierra Nevada Range near Sonoma, California. The only water I know of there is New Melones Lake, which didn't come into existence until 1979. So the Fox crew did a remarkable job of creating a set for canal scenes and scenery that resemble the area and what the Erie Canal must have looked like in the mid-19th century. I have driven across much of New York State. On a 2005 trip along the Mohawk River and valley, I stopped to watch boats pass through locks at a couple of locations.

The Erie Canal has a great history. It opened in 1825 and the tolls from the first year completely paid for its construction. It was just over 360 miles long when built originally. And the first third of its distance, from the Hudson River at Albany, upstream to Utica and Rome, New York, is the actual Mohawk River. Fonda's character, Dan Harrow, several times remarks that the canal will soon be put out of business from the competition of the railroads. But this was in 1850, when the 25th anniversary of the canal's opening was to be celebrated. And, the canal wasn't soon put out of action. The railroad had some effect, but it was gradual. And a complete rebuild and expansion of the canal from 1905 to 1918 kept it going strong as a major commercial route between the Port of New York and the Great Lakes area.

It took two later big events to end the commercial reign of the Erie Canal. In 1959, the St. Lawrence Seaway opened. That, and the building of modern highways that helped the trucking industry, led to the canal's last regular scheduled barge operation in 1994. But, the canal continues to operate today, now used mostly by boats and pleasure water craft. And, it remains a tourist attraction with museums and historic sites along its route. In 2000, Congress established the Erie Canalway as a national heritage corridor. Interstate 90 across New York parallels the canal route, just south of it.

So, with the scenes, events and places of record along the Erie Canal, and the boats and other settings, this film has a little historical interest as well. I think most people would still enjoy it today. It's a nice story of a slowly developing romance set in mid-19th century America, along the Erie Canal.

One of the funniest exchanges of lines in the film occurs when Molly, from her boat hails a young girl leading a cow beside the canal. Molly and others know the young girl, Della, who is played by Jane Withers. Molly hollers, "How much milk will she give?" And, little Della replies, "She don't give anything. You have to squeeze 'em."