Yankee Doodle in Berlin

BOSWELL BROWNE was a famous female impersonator of the WWI era appearing in vaudeville acts with his Salome routine and other comic acts as a female impersonator. Mack Sennett uses him here as the American soldier who uses his wiles on the Kaiser (FORD STERLING) and his son (BEN TURPIN) so that he can perform a Mata Hari kind of spying on the German army.

It's a strange comedy (to put it mildly) and if all the laughs weren't so dependent on outrageous slapstick buffoonery from the entire cast, it may have worked. Film quality is sometimes very poor due to age but for the most part it's given a halfway decent print on TCM that is at least watchable.

All of it is very obvious lowbrow humor making fun of the inept German army and it's only worth a look as a curiosity piece. Not at all in the same category as Chaplin's SHOULDER ARMS or his WWII comedy THE GREAT DICTATOR, it's merely fluff of a crude kind capitalizing on sophomoric humor.

American aviator Captain Bob White flies to Berlin, to get information on the Kaiser for the United States government. He poses as a woman to get in good with the Kaiser, the Crown Prince, and von Hindenburg. Slapstick ensues.

My reaction to this thing was muted. There was very little plot, and it seemed as if every ten seconds somebody was getting slapped, choked, thrown around, conked on the head, etc. This probably killed audiences post-World War I, but now, it seems way too long to endure. On the other hand, the film features a rare appearance by female impersonator Bothwell Browne, as Bob White. Browne once was quoted as saying that "prettiness is only skin deep. Beauty comes from within." But he also once said that women from Los Angeles were "feminine apes," which hardly seems endearing to anyone.

One of the many issues I had with the film was that stuff just happens, seemingly without rhyme or reason. For instance, Browne flies to Germany, then simply emerges from the woods dressed as a woman. This does not seem to concern Ben Turpin, who is on guard. Then again, all the Germans are portrayed as buffoons, so I guess no one would question why a well-dressed woman appears on the scene and begins flirting with everyone.

One scene I did like was near the finale, when a bomb is chasing the Kaiser, the Crown Prince, and General von Hindenburg:

It was eighty-five years ago today that the signing of the Armistice brought the Great War to an end. The most brutal conflict in human history up to that time wiped out an entire generation for reasons which, even today, are difficult to explain and impossible to justify. Although that tragedy has since been overshadowed by the Second World War, which was even worse, it's curious that World War I doesn't loom so large in popular culture anymore. Is it too long ago, too remote? Perhaps part of the reason is that we write our popular history with moving images now, and most WWI movies, certainly those made during the war, are museum pieces viewed nowadays primarily by film buffs. Several great silent features, such as King Vidor's The Big Parade, were produced a few years after the war, when filmmaking technique had advanced, yet while the memories were still raw. The talkies brought another spate of worthwhile WWI films, but in later years, especially after the atrocities of WWII made those of the earlier conflict look almost quaint, not so much. Stanley Kubrick's Paths of Glory is one of the few latter-day films to bring fresh insight into the madness of war as it unfolded in the European conflict of 1914-1918.

So where does comedy producer Mack Sennett fit into all this? Towards the end of the Great War, he and his band of grotesques crafted a genuinely strange artifact, one that survives as a unique expression of the attitudes of its time. In 1918 Sennett put all his company's top comedians into a feature film entitled Yankee Doodle in Berlin. It was held back for release until early 1919, after the Armistice, perhaps in hopes that once the dust had settled a war-weary public might be willing to laugh at low comedy with a military theme. Charlie Chaplin had daringly released his own Army comedy Shoulder Arms during the war's final weeks, and it was enthusiastically embraced by the public. Sennett's production was modestly successful but not a smash hit, and when we compare the two it's easy to see why. Chaplin's film gives us the day-to-day experiences of a common foot soldier, the Charlie everyone loved, as he dreams his dream of heroism; Sennett's more fragmented effort has no comparable lead player, and focuses largely on the buffoonish behavior of the grossly caricatured German High Command. Chaplin's memorable routines, such as Charlie's masquerade as a tree, are imaginative and exquisitely timed, while Sennett's troupe relies on obvious and sloppily performed crudities: for instance, the Kaiser is shot in the butt by his own troops, his fat wife guzzles beer, an Irish soldier blows his nose in a German flag, etc. Low comedy alternates with blunt appeals to knee-jerk nationalism. Audiences probably roared their approval of these gags when the film was new, but today these appeals to the lowest common denominator feel heavy-handed, coarse, and, considering the human toll involved, more sad than funny.

Objectively speaking Yankee Doodle in Berlin is not a film for the ages, and even silent comedy buffs might be dismayed by its ugly political content, but there is a key plot element so unexpected and downright bizarre it commands attention nonetheless: the hero of the story, American Captain Bob White, is played by a then-famous female impersonator named Bothwell Browne, who spends most of his time on screen in drag. Browne, remembered by theater historians as the only serious rival to Julian Eltinge, had a more lithe figure and a sexier act than his rival, and was in fact best known for a Salome Dance. In this, apparently his only film appearance, Browne appears only briefly in a regular uniform at the beginning. (Ironically he looks quite fey in a mustache, rather like Lucille Ball disguised as a cowboy.) Soon afterward, he volunteers for a dangerous mission which forces him to don ladies' clothing. That, at any rate, is what we're told repeatedly by the title cards.

Our hero Bob is determined to secure war plans from the Kaiser himself (played by Ford Sterling in his usual strenuous fashion), and it seems the only way to accomplish this is for Bob to get behind enemy lines and then pass himself off as an attractive woman of mystery. The title card reads: "Recollections of College Plays," so we're to assume that Bob has had some stage experience playing Mata Hara types. Once he's in Germany, Bob must wrangle himself an invitation to the Palace, do his Salome Dance for the assembled drooling officers, and then grab the plans during an assignation, from the Kaiser's very boudoir if necessary. But just in case we're wondering if our hero is enjoying this a little too much, so to speak, we're reminded that "Bob knew this was the only way to promote the success of his errand." Well hey, a man's gotta do what a man's gotta do!

How very odd this is. I've seen some strange movies in my time, but this one is in a special category of its own. Just consider: at the height of the worldwide cataclysm, while Chaplin was making a beloved screen hero out of an ordinary foot-soldier, his former employer Mack Sennett offered audiences a cross-dressing officer who shakes a mean shimmy. Once you've seen it, you may find it difficult to forget the indelible image of Captain Bob White, bereft of his wig but still wearing his evening gown and pearls, heroically pulling the German flag down from the roof of the Palace. If you want class-A cinema go with Chaplin or Vidor or Kubrick, but if you've got a yen for vintage Polymorphic Perversity, it's Sennett and Yankee Doodle in Berlin all the way.

Comedic actors in the 1910's cinema loved to cross-dress as females, expanding their movies' campy possibilities. Former Keystone Studio president Mack Sennett realized the farcical humor in composing a story where he placed a male spy disguised as an alluring female behind German lines during World War One to steal documents from the Kaiser and other high Army officials. He secured popular vaudeville stage female impersonator Bothwell Browne for the role, dishing out the knockabout fare Sennett was known for. June 1919's "Yankee Doodle In Berlin" was Browne's only film appearance, playing Captain Bob White, the aviator who took the assignment of being that spy. He convincingly plays a seductive woman who flirts his way up to having an affair with the Kaiser, played by long-time Sennett associate Fred Sterling.

"Yankee Doodle In Berlin" consists of a who's who in the Sennett repertoire. Silent film comedians Ben Turpin, Chester Conklin and Bert Roach all play German soldiers, while former Sennett 'Bathing Beauty' Marie Provost, in a role of Belgium prisoner in a German labor camp, cross-dresses herself as a German soldier when rescued by Browne.

Bothwell was one of the most popular female impersonators in the early 1900's, eclipse only by Julian Eltinge, possibly because Browne acted more seductively and erotically on the stage, which was a turnoff to the more proper urbane audiences. He had appeared in his own production on Broadway in 1911 in 'Miss Jack.' After "Yankee Doodle In Berlin," Sennett lent Browne's vaudeville act his 'Bathing Beauties," creating one of the most sought-after tickets during the holiday season of 1919. The show proved to be the pinnacle highlight of his career as the popularity of vaudeville cross-dressers waned in the 1920's. Browne ended up teaching dancing classes in San Francisco once his performance days were over.

A funny and stylistically interesting feature from the Sennett studio directed by wunderkind Richard Jones. Although his comedies generally featured human-looking comics for Sennett and Roach, as opposed to the grotesques made popular at Keystone, in this one he combines the two styles: the Allies look and act like normal people, but the Germans are in the full grotesque makeup of the earlier films, acting with the exaggerated mannerisms one expects from the Sennett studio. The entire Sennett company is on view here and the jokes are crude, take advantage of the propaganda of the era -- there is a joke about German soldiers capturing a Belgian convent -- and funny.

If you don't know this style of comedy, you may be taken aback by it. If, however, you like this sort of thing -- and I do -- you will have a lot of fun.