The Marriage Circle

Professor Stock (Adolph Menjou) and wife Mizzi (Marie Provost) have reached an impasse in their marriage and he wants out. Mizzi's best friend Charlotte ( Florence Vidor ) is blissfully married to Dr. Charles Braun (Monte Blue). His partner Dr. Mueller (Creighton Hale) has designs on Charlotte who has no interest. When Mizzi sets her sights on Dr. Braun suspicions, stoked by misinterpretation and the diabolical Mizzi arise and accusations fly.

The Marriage Circle is an excellent comedy of errors from the Silent Era featuring the wit and sophistication of Ernst Lubitsch that would go on to brilliantly inform some of the finest adult comedies before and after sound and code enforcement. Here he breezily unfolds his story with a benign amorality and suspense as his quintet of characters all share a little guilt and selfishness.

Vidor is a beauty and paragon of virtue to behold but capable of being petty. Blue and Hale comically pine and mope while Menjou is pure dinner at eight collected. Acting honors however belong to Provost's Mizzi whose side glances and brashness haul the rest of the characters into the circle.

The Marriage Circle is an outstanding example of silent film comedy and in large contrast to the slapstick that still dominated. Doors are closed, not slammed or run through, the humor is sly not pie in the face. Lubitsch conveys it beautifully here as he would into sound as well as influence a generation of filmmakers.

This was actually Ernst Lubitsch's first film for Warner Brothers, he remade it 8 years later as the sublime One Hour With You for Paramount. It's always been difficult for me to not mentally refer to the latter whenever watching this – because it's a good film in its own right and is better not compared to the technically and technologically improved later musical version.

In Vienna city of dreams the husband of an ever-flirting wife grasps the opportunity to obtain a divorce on the grounds of her infidelity with the husband of her best friend. And the husbands' best friend fancies his wife too. Farcical situations develop, with the prevailing morals and manners always to the fore, but basically everyone gets what they deserve. Lubitsch's elegant production, the lovely décor, lightly salted frivolous story and human acting proved a big hit at the time and dare I say it, could be ultimately just as rewarding to watch as OHWY. It might have been a little better if it had only been 10 minutes shorter – some of the scenes are stultifyingly languorous, but I'm not really complaining.

Although neither version ended satisfactorily, this was still a wonderful piece of film-making, a foretaste of things to come from Lubitsch and above all else, nice entertainment.

Have always found Ernst Lubitsch to be a very gifted director. When he was at his best, like with 'Trouble in Paradise', 'The Shop Around the Corner', 'Heaven Can Wait', 'To Be or Not to Be' and 'The Merry Widow', he was brilliant. Although so many directors at their worst fared far worse than him, Lubitsch was not immune from disappointment. Was not crazy about 'That Uncertain Feeling' for example and 'Eyes of the Mummy' was a dud.

'The Marriage Circle', his first film for Hollywood when diverting away from his German silents, however is thankfully closer to Lubitsch being on top form than being a disappointment or a slightly conflicted sort of film (he also had those early on). Instead it is one very well rounded, quite beautifully so even, circle. It was remade as 'One Hour With You' in 1932, which was just as good if not quite with the story being a little better done in 'The Marriage Circle'.

My only complaint of 'The Marriage Circle' is the ending, which felt abrupt and on the silly side. Which also coincidentally happened to the weak link of 'One Hour With You' too.

Otherwise it really sparkles as a film and one of Lubitsch's best early efforts and where his trademark style was starting to emerge. It did become even more refined from 'The Love Parade' onwards, but one can really see the famed wit and sophistication in his direction here. He also opens up the action enough so that it never becomes stage bound, while not trying to do too much avoiding the danger of the style swamping what's going on. The production values still look very elegant now, especially the clever photography that always feels part of the action and sumptuous decor.

Script is full of smart wit that is sharp and never less than very amusing. The story is also smart and only got a little silly at the end, the telling of it is also full of energy and sophisticated. It is also very touching in parts, with the romantic relationship tenderly handled and the subject done in good taste. Not a dull moment in sight. The cast are on top form with sparkling and never static chemistry together, with Marie Prevost and Adolphe Menjou particularly good.

In conclusion, great. 9/10

Silent cinema is not inherently inferior to the sound cinema, but many silent pictures, especially those from the early-to-mid 1920s, seem stilted in comparison to their talkie counterparts due to an over-reliance on title cards, and a lack of faith in the audience's ability to "read" images. Fortunately, they aren't all like this, thanks to the inventive boldness of the era's greatest filmmakers.

To start at the very beginning (a very good place to start), The Marriage Circle is the first comedy Ernst Lubitsch made in Hollywood. It's been pointed out that there was an abrupt change in pace compared to his earlier Berlin comedies, which were non-stop riotous farces. This is true, but The Marriage Circle also sees an enormous shift in tone. Lubitsch's pictures in his home country were absurd to the point of being surreal, staged with an emphasis on exaggeration and peopled with theatrical caricatures. The Marriage Circle however depicts a reasonably realistic situation, albeit a comically improbable one. There is no slapstick here, but neither is it a witty verbal comedy. Instead the humour derives from numerous misunderstandings as five characters become innocently entangled a complex love pentagon. In this, the audience is omniscient – we know everything that is going on – whereas each character knows only enough to make them misconstrue. Lubitsch's problem then, was how to convey this to the audience without spoon-feeding them every detail, and above all keep it funny.

He does it, not just by showing us everything, but by showing us how things are seen by everyone. The camera is never merely presentational; it is always within the action. In virtually every shot, we are either seeing things from a character's point of view or we are focusing on a character's reaction. The angles are never external, watching the players interact with one another; they are always down the line, putting us inside the interaction. And Lubitsch is brave enough – and knows we are intelligent enough – to switch quickly from one perspective to another. For example, in the scene where Mizzi (thinking she is onto something) embraces Dr Braun, we go from Muller seeing them from behind and assuming Mizzi is Charlotte, to his seeing Charlotte in the waiting room (and thus realising the woman in the embrace can't have been Charlotte), to Braun realising Charlotte is watching, to Charlotte realising Braun has been dallying with a female patient… whom she doesn't realise is Mizzi! As you can see, it all sound rather confusing when put it into words, but on screen it's a cinch to follow.

But that's not all that's going on here. As well as getting the right angles on the action, Lubitsch throws in some subtle tricks to imply rather than state the way things are. In the opening scene, it is clearly established that the Stocks's marriage is not the most harmonious, but it is one simple moment that reveals the true extent of the breakdown. Adolphe Menjou sees his wife get into a cab with another man, assuming (wrongly of course!) she may be having an affair. He turns to the camera, his expression unreadable. And then, slowly, a smile spreads over his face.

And this leads me neatly onto the next point, that it is as much the skills of the actors that make this wordless fiasco workable. The two lead men, Adolphe Menjou and Monte Blue, are not comedy actors in the normal sense, but they exhibit great comic timing and control. Just as the story is believable but unlikely, their performances are naturalistic but extreme. Menjou is the master of the withering glance and the long-suffering sulk. You get the impression, just by looking at his face, that here is a man who was not cut out for marriage. Blue, on the other hand, expertly portrays the complete opposite, a modest and honest man who seems unaware of his own attractiveness. You pick up his character from some neat little gestures; such as him nervously pulling at his collar to cool off – something you normally only see cartoon characters doing. Florence Vidor has the restrained demeanour of the only entirely normal person caught up in this situation, and gives a wonderful straight performance that counterpoints all the others. Creighton Hale is the only one of the players who is somewhat hammy and unrealistic, but as a more marginal and somewhat ridiculous character, he is allowed, and even helps give the picture its slightly silly edge. Marie Prevost is the only one of the five who is not exceptional, but she is by no means bad, and at least fits the part.

Lubitsch himself claimed this was his favourite of all his own pictures, and the only one which if he had to do again he would change nothing. It was well liked by his contemporaries too, and in the dying days of the silent picture you can see a significant move towards more sedate and subtle silent comedies, especially in the work of directors like Rene Clair and Leo McCarey. And after that of course, the talkies would come along, and it would all change again.

One near constant in the history of cinema is that romantic comedies tend to follow a very specific pattern. Chance encounters lead to romantic inclinations, and possibly drama in established relationships, but ultimately everyone is happy in the end - or at least most characters are, while anyone painted as a more antagonistic figure is probably left out in the cold. Even though we generally know the story before it's ever told, the finer points of the narrative can make all the difference. With slightly more somberly toned drama, this iteration is a little bit of a deviation from the genre norm, written with just enough deftness that for most of the length I wasn't actually sure exactly how it would end. Though hardly revelatory, 'The marriage circle' is fairly worthwhile.

All those small moments that cumulatively build into the divisions and connections between the characters are clever, and endearing as a viewer. Characterizations and intertitles aren't especially noteworthy, but the overall narrative is complete and cohesive, if unremarkable in retrospect nearly 100 years on. The scene writing is pleasantly engaging - a series of light scheming, misunderstandings, and near misses, with timing and cues just right to build the story with mild comedy. While their roles are pretty straightforward, the assembled cast put in solid performances to inhabit the parts and bring the tale to life. As the plot focuses most of all on the dynamics between Charlotte, Franz, and Mizzie, their respective actors get the most time in front of the camera, and Florence Vidor, Monte Blue, and Marie Prevost demonstrate suitable range, nuance, and physicality to communicate the mix of emotions sans sound or dialogue.

Whether one loves romantic comedies or hates them, there is nothing here to radically change one's mind about the genre. Meanwhile, enjoyable as this particular feature is, and for whatever tiny variations in the formula, there's nothing so outstanding about it that would make it a must-see. Yet it's ably written and directed, with capable performances from all involved, and is sufficiently appealing to keep us watching and entertained. Provided one is receptive to pictures from the silent era, and open to romcoms above all, 'The marriage circle' is an agreeable, satisfying diversion that's worth a look if you have the opportunity.