La llave de cristal

In the unlikely event that the term "film noir" means anything, it must be the meeting of the US detective film and the sinister Germanic look.

The process can be seen well and truly evident in this rarely seen version of the Hammet story. This one has the down beat view of human nature, sinister nocturnal scenes, notably Raft's discovery of Ray Milland's body and the grim shadowed world of thug Williams in his best rôle.

Neglected in favour of the Alan Ladd version which borrows from it - disposing of the stroppy brother with a kick on the shins, the dog attack - this one plays better because it's easier to believe Arnold is running a city and for director Tuttle's use of comedy actors like Irving Bacon, in serious material. Raft as Ned Beaumont, the minder, fits right in here.

Notice the significant difference is the presence of the mother character in the space that the fiancée takes in the later film. The spectacular auto stunt opening gets things moving rapidly too. This one doesn't work up the intensity of the best of the forties thrillers - no erotic smolder and feelings of growing doom but it's still a good viewing that stands with the best crime films of its day.

Crime novelist Dashiell Hammett is best-known for penning THE THIN MAN and THE MALTESE FALCON and, like the latter's original 1931 film version was completely overshadowed by John Huston's classic 1941 remake, the same fate practically befell another of his filmed works. In fact, the original 1935 version of THE GLASS KEY has been all but impossible to see until recently, while its 1942 remake was easily available on DVD in Europe. Although I do own a copy of the latter, it has been ages since I watched it last and cannot sensibly compare the two versions now; having said that, the credits for the original – director Frank Tuttle (who would later make a star out of Alan Ladd in THIS GUN FOR HIRE and whose next picture, ironically enough, was the aforementioned remake of THE GLASS KEY!), stars George Raft (this obviously made him the first choice for Sam Spade in the remake of FALCON, but he turned it down to Bogie's eternal benefit!), Ray Milland and Ann Sheridan, plus character actors Edward Arnold, Guinn Williams and Irving Bacon – are sufficiently interesting to merit its re-evaluation as a worthy precursor to the noir subgenre.

Raft is influential lawyer Arnold's right-hand man who, carrying on from his own star-making turn in Howard Hawks' SCARFACE (1932), has an eye for his boss' sister; when the former decides to become the ally of the local political candidate (because he too has his heart set on the latter's sister!), everything starts to go wrong for him, especially after turning down the defense of a drunken motorist from a manslaughter charge and when setting his foot down on the nightclub owned by the local underworld kingpin. However, it is the politician's inveterate gambler son Milland who proves to be the catalyst for disaster as, ostensibly pursuing the affections of Arnold's daughter, he is truly after milking the girl out of her funds to satiate the aforementioned criminal with whom he is indebted. This state of affairs naturally pits Arnold and Milland at loggerheads and it is up to the quick-witted Raft to shuffle his boss out of a murder rap when Milland's corpse is found lying in the gutter one night after the latest scuffle with his prospective father-in-law!

At one point in the narrative – in a brutal sequence anticipating the later ones featuring Dick Powell's Philip Marlowe and Ralph Meeker's Mike Hammer in, respectively, Edward Dmytryk's MURDER, MY SWEET (1944) and Robert Aldrich's KISS ME DEADLY (1955) – Raft suffers greatly at the hands of the criminal's chief henchman Williams (effectively cast against type) and, eventually, ends up in hospital where he is nursed by a pre-stardom Sheridan. Yet, despite having also been assaulted by a massive dog, he goes back for more and, ultimately, defeats the thug by turning him against his own employer. The identity of the real murderer is not all that mysterious in itself but the journey to the denouement is an exciting ride and, indeed, it is kickstarted by a spectacular car-crash right in the very opening scene! For what it is worth, the characters of Arnold's mother and card-trick obsessed odd-job man, providing here the requisite elements of sentimentality and comic relief, were dispensed with for the remake in those somber days of WWII.

Dashiell Hammett's 1931 novel, 'The Glass Key,' has been compared favorably to his earlier 1930 detective thriller, 'The Maltese Falcon." Paramount Pictures, buying the rights to the book as soon as it was hot off the presses, was the first Hollywood studio to bring the yarn to the screen in June 1935's "The Glass Key." George Raft plays the lead character Ed Beaumont, an assistant to crime boss and politician Paul Madvig (Edward Arnold).

A number critics cite Raft's performance as one of his best. "Raft is letter-perfect as the fast-talking, faster-thinking gambler who plays his cards close to his chest, speaking only with his mouth while his face says nothing, just his flashing eyes giving evidence of the wheels turning behind his outwardly calm visage," describes blogger Educated Guesswork.

Beaumont is the strong-arm enforcer to political big-wig Madvig, who also runs the city's crime syndicate. Directed by veteran Frank Tuttle, "The Glass Key" has been categorized by film historians as one of the first 'film noirs' brought to the screen. One scene especially qualifies its membership to the world of noirs' expressionistic lighting. Critic Dan Stumpf notes, "There's a particularly fine moment where he (Beaumont) watches a brutal murder without a flicker of emotion. Tuttle keeps the camera on Raft, his face lit by a wildly swinging overhead light that slows as a life slowly ebbs away." While directing "The Glass Key," Tuttle joined the American Communist Party, seeing it as a force to tamp down the rising power of Adolf Hitler. His membership ultimately hurt his career after World War Two, and was listed as one of 36 names linked by the Congressional House Committee in the late 1940s to be blacklisted in Hollywood.

Young actress Ann Sheridan, who claimed she was genealogically linked to Civil War Union general Philip Sheridan (her father was his grandnephew), showed an interest in acting at Denton Texas High School before earning a bit part in the 1934 movie 'Search for Beauty.' After twenty small uncredited roles, the 20-year-old actress appeared in "The Glass Key," playing the nurse overseeing the beaten up Ed in the hospital. Sheridan was one of Hollywood's more prominent screen actresses, whose career was cut short at 51 from cancer in 1967.

Gary Cooper was originally scheduled to play the George Raft role, but he was in the middle of a contract dispute with Paramount. "The Glass Key" was remade in 1942 with Alan Ladd and Veronica Lake, while the Coen Brothers made a more stark version of the Hammett story in their 1990 "Miller's Crossing" with Albert Finney.

When the new Production Code came out in July, 1934, Hollywood was forced to clean up its act. Up until this time, although there was the Hays Office, the studios routinely ignored this censors board and films were occasionally shocking...even by today's standards. Nudity, extreme violence, cursing and all sorts of sexual behaviors of all types were in a lot of films...and the Production Code of 1934 was a reaction to all this family-unfriendly material. Sadly, the Code often went too far...and many of the great gangster films of the early 30s were no longer allowed to be shown in theaters without significant cuts. I mention all this because although the Code was in full force, "The Glass Key" managed to have a lot of content which seemed Pre-Code! No, there was no nudity or cursing...but wow, is this a brutal and violent movie. Now I am not complaining...I actually think it helped the story...and managed to be grittier than the more famous 1942 remake with Alan Ladd.

Paul Madvig (Edward Arnold) is a Boss Tweed sort of guy...a powerful man who pulls the strings of various politicians and to get elected, a politician would have to be someone Madvig liked. However, a political enemy is determined to destroy Madvig. The only hope Madvig has is his assistant, Ed Beaumont (George Raft)...and Beaumont is determined to help Madvig even if it means nearly getting beaten to death to do it.

When Beaumont is captured and held prisoner, he's beaten pretty vividly by a lunking sadist (Guinn Williams)...so much so that I am shocked the film was released without significant cuts to these scenes. Additionally, Beaumont later decks a woman. They cut away at the very last second so you don't see it connect, but clearly he knocked a woman out...and again, I am shocked this remained in the film and wasn't cut. But all this add to the grittiness of the film...a film which is very much an example of film noir even though supposedly this genre wasn't created until the 1940s! Well worth seeing and a bit better than it's remake.

Original of the more famous remake starring Alan Ladd, Veronica Lake, and Brian Donlevy in 1942. This 1935 film stars George Raft, Edward Arnold, Joseph Calleia, and William Bendix.

This "Glass Key" is the same Dashiell Hammett story, and much of the script was kept for the 1942 version, plus in the remake, there were scenes added.

The glass key refers to a key that breaks in a lock - Raft as Ed here is warning his boss (Edward Arnold) to watch out for people out to get him. Arnold is Paul Madvig, who controls a political machine and falls in love with the daughter (Claire Dodd) of a wealthy man, Ralph Henry, trying to get the benefit of Madvig's political influence. When Henry's no-good son Taylor (Ray Milland) is killed, Madvig falls under suspicion. Raft works to prove his innocence.

This Glass Key has none of the bite of the 1942 version except when it comes to the violence. You practically cry out in pain when Ed is beaten to a pulp. When Ed gets away, it's by throwing himself out a window - a stunning and exciting scene in both films.

Frankly, I liked the performances in the remake better, particularly Brian Donlevy as Madvig. Interestingly, in this version, there is a 'Ma' Medvig, Donlevy's mother. Raft always had a wonderful warmth when working with mother figures. Ladd's Ed was too busy making time with every female he met. In fact, in the remake, the newspaper publisher's wife is added as someone who makes a pass at Ladd.

Taylor is an early role for Ray Milland.

The ending is different in the original as well - neither ending follows the book which leaves the situation ambiguous.

All in all, both have good points and performances.