Peter Pan

After watching the Kino DVD of PETER PAN, I was delighted to have this most charming of silent films finally available in a quality video release.

The picture quality, which was subtly tinted amber and blue, will disappoint no one, although it looked more like a really good 16mm print than a 35mm to me. Perhaps I'm spoiled because I've never seen the film in any gauge but 35mm. A great deal of the magic in PETER PAN was supplied by cinematographer James Wong Howe. Scenes that could have been foolish in other hands became enchantment in his.

The actors are magically believable in their parts. Betty Bronson, who convincingly plays a child although we never forget that she's really a grownup woman, gives a performance that is unusually `fey' and she seems to have fully developed every muscle in her face that can cause an adorable look to radiate to the viewer. Ernest Torrence as Captain Hook will remind everyone of their grandfather while he comically menaces Peter and the Lost Boys, but remains the perfect gentleman with Wendy------complete with courtly bowing and a flourish of his handkerchief .

The animals in Never-Never Land are children in marvelously expressive fur costumes who look like stuffed animals come to life. But the largest and most expressive of all is Nana, the canine nurse maid for the Darling Children who will amaze everyone with her anthropomorphic gestures. She (played by George Ali) is the delight of the film.

PETER PAN is filled with magical touches that never seem to go too far or become foolish. Peter's heart to heart talk with the crocodile when they conspire to "get" Captain Hook was one of my favorites, as were the mermaids on the beach. The only point that has ever bothered me is at the end when Peter actually stabs and kills two of the pirates. Somehow I thought this was out of place and brought too much realism to a light hearted fairy tale. But this is very minor nit-picking of an otherwise flawless silent film.

Phil Carli's score works perfectly and has a "turn of the century, concert in the park on a Sunday afternoon" feel to it. It wouldn't have worked with many silent films, but for PETER PAN it was marvelous------a tribute to Carli's ability to match a narrative theme with it's programmatic musical compliment.

The "value ads" are production stills from the film along with a poster and lobby card. There are also interviews with Esther Ralston (one video and three audio), who plays Mrs. Darling. The things she has to say about Louis B. Mayer are more than just interesting.

A title card at the very beginning tells the audience that the acting may seem whimsical to an adult but that "all the characters are seen with a child's outlook on life.....even to the adults in the story. Pull the beard on a pirate and you would find the face of a child." So for 102 minutes, clap your hands and pretend you believe in fairies.

Jay F.

One of the Lost Boys warns the others: "The first who does not behave to Wendy like an American gentleman, I'll blood him severely!" And this is quite an amusing gag, indeed. The other two occurrences of the matter (I mean American chauvinism, or exceptionalism) in the film are less appropriate, useless and out of place, in my opinion: the Lost Boys, who would like to be pirates, refuse to accept the offer of becoming such because the ship would fly the pirate flag (the traditional black one with skull and crossbones) instead of the Star and Stripes, and in the end they lower the black one and put up the U. S. flag. These scenes are not particularly humorous and add nothing whatsoever to the plot.

I don't know (and I don't mean to investigate) if in the many literary works of the British novelist and playwright J. M. Barrie, who devised the character of Peter Pan, a similar treatment is reserved for the Union Jack (let me doubt it, being he a Scotsman...). But if he did it was just something natural to a man that loved his country; whereas the authors of the film either "translated" flags - in a completely motiveless motion (motiveless except for sheer chauvinism, of course) -, or invented the whole thing, for the same reason.

Having said that, I consider Peter Pan a (very) good movie. You see from the first few seconds of Peter's appearance that she is a girl, and this is in accordance with old theatre productions, in which the role of the "Principal boy" was traditionally played by a petite young woman. I loved Nana the dog.

When Sir James M. Barrie agreed to allow Famous Players—Lasky to make a movie version of his 1904 Christmas pantomime Peter Pan, he laid down some pretty stiff terms. Not only was he to have casting approval, but the title cards were to use as far as possible the dialogue of the stage play; the plot line was to keep to the original Three-Act structure; the characters were to be those of the play—none were to be eliminated and additional characters were not to be introduced; and above all, the characters were to fly realistically. Sir James also insisted on writing a long Preface to the movie in which he made the point that Peter Pan was a pantomime and needed to be accepted as such.

Unfortunately, he was unaware of the fact that Americans do not know what a panto is, let alone what are its traditions. Luckily, this didn't really matter. The picture was a huge success anyway and catapulted eighteen-year-old Betty Bronson (whom Barrie himself had chosen for the lead) into celebrity status overnight.

So to really appreciate the picture we need first to understand what a panto is and what Barrie did to change or modify its structure and traditions.

By the turn of the century, the annual Christmas pantomime had become a very elaborate affair. In fact, every year theatre managements vied with each other to offer presentations even more spectacular than they had staged in the past. (A successful panto didn't just fill the theatre at Yuletide but would run right through Easter). Although largely (and very loosely) based on nursery rhymes and fairy tales, pantomimes had a rigid cast system. The lead role was always the Dame—a middle-aged woman, enacted by a leading funnyman, the more raucous, the better. Next in line, was the Principal Boy, always played by a very sexy young lady who wore abbreviated costumes to show off her legs. The Villain was usually billed next, and then came the specialty acts. These were vaudeville turns by jugglers, singers, magicians, etc., often used to entertain the audience while stagehands readied the spectacular main set for the next Act, but just as often actually interpolated into the panto itself. Of course, pantos always had plenty of real children milling around the stage, but the leader (who had practically all the lines) was a young adult (even though he or she might be a impersonating a character supposedly ten or twelve years younger).

Doubling was quite common in the panto. Often it was a matter of necessity, but just as often it was done deliberately. Barrie intended that Mr Darling and Captain Hook always be played by the same actor. Unfortunately, both Brenon and Paramount jibed at this idea and finally convinced Barrie that on a motion picture set, it was impractical.

The principal change (and it was a brilliant one) that Barrie made to the traditional structure was not to turn the Dame into a dog (Dames had often played comic animals in the past) or even to restrict the Dame's frolics to Two Acts (although top-billed, the Dame's role was often not all that large. In some pantos, he/she didn't even make her entrance until the Second Act). What Barrie did was absolutely startling. He made the Dame silent. He/she doesn't utter a word. The role is all pantomime, you see. Pantomime yet—in a pantomime! Brilliant!

Now we can appreciate the movie for what it is: not just a filmed pantomime but one that goes beyond the restrictions of the stage to make the spectacle more spectacular, and the special effects even more wonderful and startling.

Also we can now enjoy the way the movie is cast and played. It's a pity Hook and Darling are no longer played by the same man (though admittedly it is just as hard to imagine dull Chadwick, perfect as stuffy Darling, brandishing a villainous hook, as it is to see Ernest Torrence toning down the foam as Wendy's dad). However, super-sexy Betty Bronson makes an ideal Peter Pan (it's important that the character be lasciviously attractive yet act as if she is totally unaware of this fact—and this Miss Bronson accomplishes remarkably well, no doubt due to Brenon's meticulous direction).

Eighteen-year-old Mary Brian is also superbly cast as Wendy. Even though her stage age is around twelve or thirteen, she is not only the leader of the children, but a genuine mother figure and is supposed to look just a few years younger than the actress playing her mother, in this case twenty-two year old Esther Ralston. (You're not supposed to be mathematically minded and try to work out how a twenty-two year old can have a twelve year old daughter. Pantomimes are inevitably fanciful). The father figure is usually much older. Forty-five year old Cyril Chadwick fits the bill nicely.

It's a tribute to Brenon's skillful yet sensitive direction, James Wong Howe's beautiful photography, Pomeroy's fascinating special effects and the enduring charm and cleverness of Barrie's fairy tale that the movie is just as enchanting in 2007 as it seemed to appreciative worldwide audiences in 1925.

The story of Peter Pan, the boy who never grew up, who comes to the Darling house searching for his shadow and meets the three children (Wendy, Michael, & John) and takes them back to Never Never Land and to the Lost Boys. Captain Hook, who wants revenge against Peter for the loss of his right hand to an alligator, leads his band of pirates on a raid of the woods, kidnapping everyone, save Peter who must travel to Hook's ship for the rescue. This film has such a childlike magic charm that gives it a different appeal to the Disney & Mary Martin versions of the story. Director Brenon uses a stationary approach to the camerawork, giving the film the appearance of a stage production. Betty Bronson made full use of her ballerina skills and puts so much energy in her role. Torrence hams up his role of Hook like any actor would. Probably the best performance I felt was George Ali as Nana, the dog, putting so much life into the character. Only problem I felt, was the film lost some of its magic after Peter and the children left the Darling house. A touching and perfect film still for all ages and probably the one silent film to start the youngsters off with. Rating, 9.

The competition for the part of cinema's first version of Peter Pan was fierce. Superstars Mary Pickford and Gloria Swanson, yearning for the treasured role, heavily lobbied for the part of the primary resident of Never, Never Land. Author J. M. Barrie, the author of the original Peter Pan as well as the playwright for the 1904 play based on his novel, was given the rights to select the performer for the lead role. After nine months of research and screen tests, he made a surprising choice: a little known New Jersey 18-year-old actress who recently relocated to California to play bit parts. Betty Bronson was suddenly rocketed from obscurity to the limelight when she became the lead in December 1924's "Peter Pan."

Barrie was contacted by several movie studios for the rights of his novel and play. He ultimately agreed with Paramount Pictures, under the direction of veteran Herbert Brenon. The silent movie director had a reputation of handling difficult, temperamental actors with success. His ability to handle Barrie during the pre-production was especially deft. The author wanted to incorporate additional scenes into the film, but Brenon, an admirer of the 1904 play, wanted to stick to the stage's plot where Wendy, the oldest child in the Darling household, is attracted to Peter Pan. But the flying boy who never wants to grow up instead thinks of her as his mother. "Peter Pan" is also the first work of Barrie's, which were his plays, to show Tinker Bell (Virginia Browne Faire) as a person.

The 1924 film has been praised especially for its cinematography. Under James Wong Howe, previously an assistant for the young director Cecil B. DeMill before going on his own, his photography, in particular in the Never Land scenes, are striking, especially when Peter tests his shadow. Howe earned two Academy Awards for Cinematography in 1955 for 'The Rose Tattoo' and in 1963 for 'Hud' with Paul Newman.

One highlight of "Peter Pan" was the work of George Ali, playing the dual role of Nana, the Darling's family dog, and the Crocodile, the culprit who had earlier bit Captain Hook's hand off. Ali's ability to slide into an animals' costumes and realistically act out their characteristics is striking in its believability. It's rare a person can make a living out of specializing as an animal impersonator, but Ali made a career of it.

"Peter Pan" was so successful at the box office that Brenon and Barrie decided to take on the adaptation of the author's 1916 stage play, "A Kiss for Cinderella." premiering in December 1925. Betty Bronson earned the lead as Cinderella in the film that saw 15-year-old actress Anita Page debut on the screen in an uncredited role. Unfortunately for Bronson, the picture proved to be a major flop. The young actress' career sputtered after that. Despite an appearance as Mary in 1925's 'Ben-Hur,' nothing in her acting resume approached the spotlight she received as cinema's first Peter Pan.

For Anita Page, however, it launched a relatively successful livelihood in film, especially in the 1920s and early 1930s, where she was labeled "the girl with the most beautiful face in Hollywood." She retired in the mid-1930s, only to appear in front of the camera in the late 1990s, with her last posthumous movie in 2010. Living until she was 98 in 2008, Page was one of the last adult silent movie stars still around in the 2000s.