Der Mann von der Straße

Jacques Feyder possessed a unique eye towards filmmaking. Growing up in Belgium, Feyder took to acting on the French stage when he was older. His interests eventually morphed towards cinema, hired in 1914 by Gaumont Films as an assistant director. After serving in World War One, he secured a head director's position at Gaumont. When he helmed November 1922's "Crainquebille," critics realized they were witnessing a new style in film. There were no terms yet to describe Feyder's first critically-acclaimed movie, but his aesthetics transformed the look and feel of French movies, so much so that he influenced successor directors to a new cinematic form in what is now called 'poetic realism.' French directors such as Jean Vigo, Julien Duvivier, Jean Renoir and Marcel Carne, have followed Feyder's pioneering aesthetics in recreating a naturalist look in movies, despite some sequences filmed inside a studio. Poetic realism follows a pattern of an outsider, frustrated with life, experiences an incident serving as a tipping point. Its characters possess both nostalgia and bitterness in the waning years of their lives.

"Crainquebille" is a quintessential poetic realistic film. Adapted from a Anatole France novel, the movie follows a poor aging vegetable street seller who is confronted by a police officer in the middle of a crowded city avenue who's demanding he move his cart. Waiting for money a customer promised to pay when she purchased a bunch of vegetables, the vendor said something the officer mistakenly thought was a threat on his life. He's arrested and hauled into court, where the proceedings become a surrealistic display of indifference and predetermined judgement on the poor man's guilt. The sequence, studied today for its framing and positioning of the court's participants, had an impact on the audience illustrating how stacked the deck is for those caught up in the web of so-called justice.

Once released from prison, the vendor sees his business ruined since he's shunned as an ex-convict. Facing starvation, he tries to get arrested again since prison gave him food and shelter. But frustrated at how arbitrary justice is, he's unable to return to the comforts of jail. Ready to jump off a bridge, he's talked out of it by a boy, played by Jean Forest. Feyder claimed he discovered Jean when he and his wife were dining in Montmartre and spotted him playing in the street with other boys. This was Forest's first of 12 films he was featured.

"Crainquebille" was hailed by critics as a major work in French cinema. Even D. W. Griffith, not the easiest man to please reviewing other directors' work, was effusive in his praise. "I have seen a film that, for me, symbolizes Paris," wrote the director. "That man with his barrow load of vegetables - what a striking image - and how forceful! A fine work, beautiful, compelling, bold!" The New York Times called "Crainquebille" one of the best movies of the year.

Those who had read 'L' Affaire Crainquebille' by Anatole France in Le Figaro in 1901 could not but draw parallels with the Dreyfus Case that was then polarising the nation. Dramatised for the stage in 1916 it was brought to the screen by Jacques Feyder a year after its esteemed author had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for his 'nobility of style and profound human sympathy'.

This poignant tale of a street vendor broken by a fallible judicial system struck a cord with Feyder and reflected his sympathy for the less privileged members of society. This is only his second feature following the exotic 'L' Atlantide' and shows a creative imagination at work to give us a personal vision of Paris together with delicious Expressionist moments, notably in the Trial scene where figures are enlarged or minimised, the camera is at times distorted to depict the hapless Crainquebille's confusion and a bust of Marianne, symbol of the Republic, turns her head so as not to see the farcical proceedings. As well as being considered 'avant-garde' the film was a commercial success and one of the few French silents to be given North American distribution.

The original does not hold out much hope for Crainquebille the outcast and the director has chosen to insert a relatively optimistic ending in which he finds unexpected redemption in the form of a street urchin played by the immensely appealing Jean Forest.

At the age of 63, Maurice de Féraudy, a longstanding member of the Comedie Francaise, personifies the title role which affords him his finest filmic hour and cinematic immortality.

Anatole France's verdict? "I really don't remember that there were so many things in my novel".

There's one thing to note here, the old man's subjective experience of the courtroom where he's on trial, and later on the nightmare where it is more vividly relived; figures are unnaturally large or small, blacks and whites are inverted, and the judges storm from their pedestals across the room in thunderous slow-motion. It's an arresting sequence of internal anxieties.

So even though the film has been jotted down in film history as realist - the Parisian marketplace bustling with activity, the sellers pushing their carts down cobble-streets - it is this, impressionist we call it now, inversed look of objective reality from inside the mirror that strikes some spark now.

But compared to what more renowned French filmmakers - Gance, Epstein, L'Herbier - were attempting at the time or were gearing to, it leaves something to be desired. Example: the state prosecutor, whose court rhetorics intimidate the simple old man, is envisioned as gigantic; but Feyder frames him in a full shot that makes the court appear miniscule and the prosecutor normal, which is clearly not what was intended from what the intertitle lets us gather.

So it is all a bit improvised for effect, in an effort, that was taken up in France at the time, to distend cinema from the theatrical point-of-view foisted upon it by the earlier generation of filmmakers.

The moral of the story is actually more interesting; it is not the rigid, surreal system of law and justice that tears the individual, this anomy is endured with quiet, baffled dignity and some measure of ritual fatalism, but the society that bestows a final respect on the word of this system; a collective whole which Feyder reveals to be thoroughly hypocritical, petty, small-minded, and ultimately heartless.

So it is not surprsing that the guardian angel turns out to be a kid; not yet swallowed in this collective cruelty, a person who can see from the heart.

Other than that, there are some lovely evening atmospheres that you may want to see; empty streets lined up with lights, a bridge across an expanse of water. It's all painterly, quite evocative of a sense of place.

Crainquebille (1922)

** 1/2 (out of 4)

French film from director Jacques Feyder about a poor vegetable peddler (Maurice de Feraudy) who has a misunderstanding with a cop and ends up spending two weeks in jail. The peddler was loved by everyone but when he's released from prison he finds that everyone has turned their backs on him. There's a lot to like about this film but at the same time there's a lot not to like. Technically this film is near perfect. There's some terrific cinematography here and the use of tinting comes to wonderful effect. There's two scenes of fantasy, one taking place in a courtroom and the other being a nightmare sequence. Both segments are incredibly well done with a wonderful touch of surrealism that really jumps off the screen. de Feraudy is also perfect in his role and director Feyder keeps the film moving at a lightning pace. So, what's the problem? There isn't a single emotion to be found in the film. I didn't laugh, there wasn't any suspense and there was really any drama so I'm really not sure what the film was going for outside the visual quality.

As I like old french movies in old settings, I had to see "Crainquebille" by Jacques Feyder. And I was deeply surprised, the Feyder direction is great, settings are really from another age, but the most fabulous is Maurice de Féraudy as Crainquebille, he is so natural and touching. The scenes during the trial are outstanding, so much poetry, and many other scenes are wonderfully shot. That "Crainquebille" is a must-see for french cinema lovers.