c. 1300 (mid-13c. as a surname), "climbing or trailing woody-stemmed plant which bears the grapes from which wine is made," from Old French vigne, vin "vine, vineyard" (12c.), from Latin vinea "vine, vineyard," from vinum "wine." This is reconstructed to be from *win-o- "wine," an Italic noun related to words for "wine" in Greek, Armenian, Hittite, and non-Indo-European Georgian and West Semitic (Hebrew yayin, Ethiopian wayn); probably ultimately from a lost Mediterranean language word *w(o)in- "wine."

It is attested from late 14c. in reference to any plant with a long slender stem that trails or winds around. Applied to Christ in echoes of John xv 1, 5.

"a lover of wine," 1930 (as an adjective 1900), probably from French oenophile, from Greek oinos "wine" (see wine (n.)) + -phile. Earlier noun in English was oenophilist (by 1889).

"polymeric substance derived from vinyl compounds," 1930, polymer of vinyl chloride. In chemistry, vinyl was used from 1863 as the name of a univalent radical derived from ethylene, from Latin vinum "wine" (see wine (n.)), because ethyl alcohol is the ordinary alcohol present in wine.

"dark red wine, port," 1700, from port (n.5) + wine (n.).

"of the red color of wine, wine-colored," 1680s, from Latin vinum "wine" (see wine (n.)); also see -aceous.

"belonging to a vintage or grape harvest," 1650s, from Late Latin vindemialis, from Latin vindemia "a gathering of grapes, yield of grapes," from combining form of vinum "wine" (see wine (n.)) + stem of demere "take off" (from de- "from, away from" + emere "to take;" from PIE root *em- "to take, distribute").

Related: Vindemiate (v.); vindemiation (c. 1600). Also Vindemiatrix, the name given in the Alfonsine Tables to an unremarkable star in the constellation Virgo (the name is attested in English by 1704), a feminization of the name given to it by Latin authors, vindemiator, vindemitor, literally "grape-gatherer, vintager." Evidently its heliacal rising or setting at some ancient era coincided importantly with the Italian vintage.

diluted impure acetic acid, early 14c., vinegre, usually "wine vinegar," from Anglo-French vinegre, Old French vinaigre "vinegar," from vin "wine" (from Latin vinum; see wine (n.)) + aigre "sour" (see eager). In Latin, it was vinum acetum "wine turned sour," acetum for short (see acetic), also used figuratively for "wit, shrewdness;" and compare Greek oxos "wine vinegar," which is related to oxys "sharp" (from PIE root *ak- "be sharp, rise (out) to a point, pierce"). Related: Vinegary; vinegarish.

"inferior wine," 1919, colloquial, from the Italian and Spanish word for "wine," from Latin vinum (see wine (n.)). Earlier (by 1902) as the name of a native drink in the Philippines.

early 15c., "consisting of or containing wine;" 1660s, "having the qualities or nature of wine;" from Latin vinosus "full of wine; fond of wine," from vinum "wine" (see wine (n.)). Vinolent "given to drinking" (late 14c.) is from Latin vinolentus "intoxicated, full of or drunk with wine."

early 15c., "harvest of grapes, annual product of the grape-harvest, yield of wine from a vineyard," from Anglo-French vintage (mid-14c.), from Old French vendage, vendenge "vine-harvest, yield from a vineyard," from Latin vindemia "a gathering of grapes, yield of grapes."

This is a compound of the combining form of vinum "wine" (see wine (n.)) + stem of demere "take off" (from de- "from, away from" + emere "to take;" from PIE root *em- "to take, distribute").

The sense in English expanded to "age or year of a particular wine" (1746), then, via the general adjectival meaning "being of an earlier time" (1883), "date or period when anything was produced" (1929).