Food, water, shelter, clothing, healthcare, education: these all need to be adequate for everyone alive, before anything else good can happen. The interpenetration of people and planet being so complete as to be determinative of every living thing’s shared fate, meeting basic needs for all the living creatures in the shared biosphere is also required to secure the general health and welfare of humanity and its fellow creatures.
It was fitting to have read this during the period of Lenin’s birthday (on Earth Day on 22 April) and, of course, Workers’ Day on 1 May. In a 2020 article in Jacobin magazine, entitled ‘One of our Greatest Ever Socialist Novelists’, Arvind Dilawar comments that KSR writes “radical science fiction that offers readers not an easy vision of utopia, but a hopeful alternative that still confronts the ecological devastation wrought by capitalism.”
One of the more intriguing ideas in ‘Red Moon’ is a cryptocurrency known as ‘carboncoin’, described as “a coin that is created or validated by taking carbon out of the air.” This forms the basis of a credit system whereby the coins “can only buy sustainable necessities.” KSR realises though that the average reader is likely to see this as a mere cosmetic tweak to capitalism itself.
The idea really comes into its own when everyone in the world is mysteriously given a million carboncoins and an invitation to join a global householders’ union. It leads to a ‘fiscal noncompliance campaign’ of such monumental and overwhelming proportions that governments all over the world simply collapse like a deck of cards.
While this is the broader kind of idea behind the ‘red’ in the title, a ‘red moon’ is actually an optical effect created by a lunar eclipse. Beware of lazy symbolism, KSR seems to warn his readers. Speaking of symbolism, readers of ‘Antarctica’ (1997) will be surprised to see the return of Ta Shu, a celebratory blogger whose many fascinating asides include not only a comparison between feng shui and quantum mechanics, but how on earth one can apply the principles of feng shui in an airless and waterless environment like the moon.
This would not be a KSR novel if we did not have an AI as a viewpoint character, as in ‘Aurora’ (2015). Here the AI muses on everything from Thucydides to Chairman Mao as it grapples with the world’s increasingly fractured geopolitics. Oh, did I mention that this book is structured like a thriller? It begins when Ta Shu accompanies Fred Fredericks on a visit to the moon to deliver a quantum entangled phone to the governor of China’s Lunar Special Administrative Region (the ‘red’ section of the moon.)
A diplomatic incident (I do not wish to spoil the plot) soon follows that sees Fred return to earth with a reluctant, and very pregnant, Chan Qi in tow, the daughter of a prominent Chinese politician. The clumsy interaction between the two, largely due to the bumbling and socially awkward nature of Fred, sort of mirrors a nascent détente between East and West. Yes, KSR does reference ‘Orientalism’ (1978) by Edward W. Said.
You’d think this was a comedy of errors as opposed to a thriller when, hardly returned to earth, Fred and Chan flee back to the moon … This time we are introduced to the ‘free crater people’, an anarchist community inhabiting a subterranean lava tube large enough to host an aerial city. Described as “a new kind of commons, a new way of living”, the free crater has “almost as many yottaflops available as all the servers in the United States combined … Computing power was economic power, they said; and economic power was political power.”
The free crater community is predicated on ‘blockchain governance’, whereby all activities and decisions, “everything we do as a town”, is recorded in a secure distributed network. An inhabitant remarks cheerfully: “We call it documented anarchy. A full-disclosure commons. Anyone can do anything, but everyone gets to know what that is.”
Here follows one of the most inspired and bonkers scenes that KSR has ever conjured up: A lunar (meaning zero gravity) performance of the Philip Glass opera ‘Satyagraha’, replete with orchestra and a chorus of hundreds. It is a (literally) dizzying setpiece, beautifully described and weirdly alien, and a fantastic example of how astutely KSR subverts our understanding of seemly innocuous concepts like ‘normal’ or ‘human’.
Long-time KSR readers won’t mind this being a bit of a shaggy dog story so jam-packed with a surfeit of ideas and images that the narrative thread is dropped and picked up again only when the author seems to remember he has a murder mystery to resolve. My biggest gripe is the ending, or rather the lack of one, as it genuinely seems KSR just stopped writing in the middle of one of the most nailbiting sequences in what is quite a long book. Maybe he was aiming for an ambiguous ending? Whatever, it is a supremely frustrating and unsatisfactory conclusion.
Despite this, ‘Red Moon’ not only continues KSR’s fascination with China as both a cultural and political force, it is also a great example of his astute dissection of the strengths and weaknesses of both socialism and capitalism.