"Once when the Gods were young and only their swarthy servant Time was without age, the Gods lay sleeping by a broad river upon earth."
This is a collection of beautiful creation myths for a fictional world. Every culture and religion has its own creation stories, and Lord Dunsany encountered many on his travels throughout the Middle East and Africa, in addition to a keen awareness of the Norse mythology which his native country Ireland adopted for centuries before conversion to Christianity. There was great bravery needed to write these alterative creation stories in conservative, Christian Britain, but Lord Dunsany has created a lyrical lullaby of worlds in parallel timelines. The pre-scientific thirst to explain the origin of cosmological and geological phenomena daily encountered is depicted here with a child-life joy and a gentleness that is not present in the often xenophobic and bloody Norse myths themselves. There is a lot of thought-provoking analysis of what faith does to humanity, and the plurality of truths in faith, all bound together in prose that verges on poetry. It is difficult to see many of these stories individually outside the whole collection, however I will have a go.
The and the Gods ****
Introducing the Old Gods, they bask in their creations and especially their beloved city Sardothrian. They believe Time to be their servant, a swarthy and silent figure who gives the impression of always moving his fearful hands. "fingering with his dripping fingers the hilt of his nimble sword" But the gods learn to fear Time. For they know that with his beginning, there is also their own end.
The Coming of the Sea ****
Once, the planet was covered by land until the new God Slid marched into existence, covering the land with his waves that surge forwards with military precision. "Slid suddenly launched five oceans out of the deep all to attack Tintagon." The Old Gods raise a great basalt mountain to halt Slid and his waves in an eternal stalemate. This was my first encounter of Dunsany's unique and compelling anthropomorphisation of abstract concepts, in this case the waves, which works excellently here.
The Legend of the Dawn *****
My favourite story in the collection for its sheer gentleness, this detail the story of the God-Child Inzana and how she creates night and day as she tosses her golden ball. "When the worlds began the Gods were stern and old and they saw eyebrows hoar with year, all but Inzana, their child, who played with her golden ball. Inzana was the child of all the Gods." When Inzana throws the Sun into the sky, it comes to rest on earth and a human child plays with it for the rest of the day until the Gods claim it back from under the child's pillow at night. The humanity of the Gods really came across through their interaction with Inzana.
The Vengeance of Men **
In this world, only a very small fraction of prayers are answered. But they need to be made, because the Gods have viler servants than Time. "the green eyes of Pestilence had looked into their souls." The plagues come to discipline humanity.
When the Gods Slept *****
This was another one of my favourite stories. It has the flow of a parable and a brilliant subversive message. When the Old Gods are asleep, malicious spirits sneak into their hall and read the secrets of the Gods, becoming all powerful in themselves and descend to earth to seek worship. "'We be three gods that it were well to worship, gods powerful in the granting of prayer.'" But the human population, those who believe in the Old Gods, idols, or abstract concepts revere their own tradition and the culture their religion brings them more highly than the promise of some granted prayers. In a dark twist, the evil spirits eventually find worshipers among the apes, on a promise that they are given the outward appearance of men in exchange for their faith.
The King That Was Not ***
A creative deception worthy of Loki, in this story the Gods punish a lofty king by leaving him intact but causing the rest of universe to forget that he exists or has ever existed. I enjoy the playfulness and deliberate tease of this punishment.
The Cave of Kai ****
In an uplifting contrast to the vengeance of the Gods, this is the tale of a musician whose art helps a king cheat Time. "'I have a golden harp, and to its strings have clung like dust some seconds of those forgotten hours'" Instead of losing his acomplishments for all eternity to the Cave of Kai, the musician catches moments and deed on his strings. It's a subtle and ingenious origin story for music, and gives that sweet victorious sense that Time can be delayed when even the Gods cannot stop him.
The Sorrow of Search ***
Another dark parable, this concerns a philosopher-prophet whose gift is that he can literally glimpse the outlines of the gods on the high mountains. "'It is well that the sorrow of the search come only to the wise, for the wise are very few.'" He sees shapes of higher gods beyond the Old Gods, and follows these on an iterative quest to find the true highest gods, losing followers and friends at every stage only to find the Old Gods themselves waiting for him at the pinnacle of the mountain.
The Men of Yarnith **
I honestly don't remember this one very well, which is why I can't give it a higher star rating. The plot of the story is a rather hopeless one, which is perhaps why it made less of an impression on me. The men of Yarnith worship a mountain which they are not permitted to look at, and only approach when famine is destroying them as a people. They never learn this mountain is not a God.
For the Honour of the Gods ***
Sometimes I wonder if Lord Dunsany was having mood swings between joy and despair when writing this book. This is one of the despair moments again. It examines the expendability of humanity to the Gods, that mortal life is a form of reality television for them. The people of the peaceful islands are introduced to religion. "the people of the Islands played like children and had no gods and went not forth to war." Which immediately turns the Islands into the Middle East today as theological conflicts arise.
Night and Morning ****
A tale of beautiful naïve Morning being charmed by the tales of Night as the dawn steals over them like forbidden lovers, until dawn breaks and Morning forgets all the delights and wonders Night has told her for another radiant day. There is a hint of reciprocal love which I was not expecting at all from these polar oposites.
Usury ****
This is another grim one, I'm afraid. The god Yahn is a banker. He amasses jewels made from human souls, which he lends out to bodies that live human lives upon earth. Suffering increases the value of the jewels, and Yahn encourages his lenders to "cut them with human griefs until they gleamed anew". It's a crystal clear yet incredibly bleak outlook on the origin of beauty in human culture.
Mlideen **
Another of the less memorable stories. A city begins carving its own idols and is buried by the Gods. Pombo the idolator from The Book of Wonder is much more entertaining.
The Secret of the Gods ****
The Gods don't like people forgetting about them, but they also don't like people thinking about them too much. For example, working out that prophets manipulate people's thoughts. "the prophets of a man's city are as many gardners who weed and trim" They especially don't like their darkest secret being revealed, that the Gods will wither and die without human worship. This idea is fascinating, that the creators are sustained by the created. It appears to have been rediscovered by Levie Tidhar in recent years, but I was amazed to see the idea first recorded here by a writer from conservative Victorian England.
The South Wind **
A very dark little experiment carried out by the Gods in the spirit of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein's Monster. An old Man named Ord is gradually stripped of all his senses and copes remarkable well until the Gods take his memory and his body and trust him into the sea to serve as the South Wind.
The Land of Time ****
The swarthy Time is back, this time fighting off a King and his forces who have dared to overthrow Time in the name of eternal youth. "Time hurled five years against them, and the years passed over their heads and the army still passed on" But Time cannot be overthrown. In a mind-warp reminiscent of general relativity, Time throws years like arrows which wash over the whole world, aging the army in a moment but wreaking slow decay over their loved ones and their city far away.
The Relenting of Sarnidac ****
One of the most uplifting of all the stories in this collection. A nations Gods are leaving its faithless people, abandoning them and walking off into the sky. Sarnidac, a dwarf with a speech impediment, follows the Gods but does not ascend with them as he is human. The men of the nation mistake him for a small God who has taken pity on them and stayed behind, finally treating him like a human being after years of mistreatment.
The Jest of the Gods ***
A one page comeuppance for the Old Gods, in which the soul of a great king that they put in the body of a beggar defies his social roots and speaks scorn against them.
The Dreams of a Prophet ****
Contrasting with the other tales presented here, this is the story of a world that has lost its Gods but goes on without them. Whether anyone has discovered their secrets or not, the Gods have died of lack of worship in a changing world. "'Cans't thou be angry with these beautiful white bones?' and I looked long on those curved and beautiful white bones that could no longer hurt the smallest creature on the worlds that they had made." The author once despised the Gods for their callous use of humanity but on their death experiences mixed feelings, pity and remorse at the vulnerability of the Gods, and an instant nostalgia for their reign. Expanded upon brilliantly in The Exiles' Club featuring in The Last Book of Wonder.
The King's Journey ****
The longest in the collection, this makes a fitting conclusion to the discussion of creation and meaning in a pre-industrial world. The king summons all the most intelligent and sacred prophets to him asking what lies beyond the world. He gets a plethora of answers. "'It is not as he has said, but as I - and I!'" All the accounts are deeply personal, revealing that God is often in the way we interact with the world and is shaped as a concept by the minutiae of our own experiences. The different philosophies put forwards are illuminating in themselves. One prophet sees the moving oceans as the world's only permanence, one says Time shall cease to exist and all times will be the present after death, another that reincarnation occurs and is both punishment and second chance, others that the cosmos is a caravan of souls, others that all that is left after life are dreams, one prophet tells the king that he will see humankind develop beyond his understanding, and old Ulf that nothing awaits us all. The most moving was the account of a shepherd that his friend could hear the voices of the Gods and became so fixated on understanding what they said that he lost all commitment to human life.
"When Time and worlds and death are gone away all that will remain are regrets and the Things that once were Gods."